Table 1.
Characteristics of the study cohort at Study Year 11 (1998–99)
| Women | Men | |
|---|---|---|
| Totals | 2,616 | 1,566 |
| Age ± SD | 79.3 ± 4.8 | 79.5 ± 4.7 |
| Number of blacks (%) | 473 (18.1) | 235 (15.0) |
| Self-reported healtha | ||
| Very good to excellent (%) | 555 (23.1) | 403 (27.8) |
| Good (%) | 1092 (45.4) | 611 (42.1) |
| Fair poor (%) | 759 (31.5) | 438 (30.1) |
| Hypertension (%) | 1451 (69.5) | 776 (60.8) |
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 253 (13.3) | 188 (15.7) |
| Coronary heart disease (%) | 638 (24.4) | 569 (36.3) |
| Congestive heart failure (%) | 311 (11.9) | 244 (15.6) |
| Mini-Mental State Exam Score (100-point scale) | 88.6 ± 15.2 | 88.8 ± 14.0 |
| Number impaired in | ||
| ADL (%) | 656 (29.5) | 296 (21.9) |
| IADL (%) | 989 (44.6) | 430 (31.8) |
| Fitted performance measureb | ||
| Finger tapping (no. in 15 s) | 56.87 ± 8.23 | 61.6 ± 8.66 |
| Grip strength (kg) | 20.42 ± 5.24 | 34.18 ± 7.73 |
| No. steps to walk 4.6 mc | 10.61 ± 3.37 | 9.74 ± 2.66 |
| Gait speed (m/s)c | 0.83 ± 0.21 | 0.87 ± 0.20 |
| Time to complete five chair stands (s)c | 16.9 ± 6.23 | 16.07 ± 5.62 |
aEvaluable sample size = 2,606 for women, 1,452 for men.
bEstimated by linear mixed-effects models.
cStandardised to a 50 cm knee-heel length.