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. 2012 Feb 13;209(2):225–233. doi: 10.1084/jem.20111044

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© 2012 Gehrig et al.

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Figure 5. — Increased immunostimulation by tRNA lacking G_m18. (A) PBMCs were stimulated with whole tRNA preparations from either WT E. coli or a deletion mutant of the G_m18 MTase trmH (ΔtrmH). RNA preparations (500 ng/ml) were also digested with RNase A. To account for donor variance, the IFN-α response at 500 ng/ml RNA from ΔtrmH was used for normalization. nd, not detectable (n = 4–6; mean + SEM; RNase A digests, n = 2). (B) PBMCs were stimulated with a fixed concentration (830 ng/ml) of tRNA^Phe, and tRNA^Tyr was added in a ratio as indicated (n = 3 donors with each donor stimulated by tRNA^Phe alone set to 100% to account for donor variance; mean + SEM).