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. 2011 Dec 1;12(11):957–965. doi: 10.4161/cbt.12.11.18134

Table 1. Body weight change (g), tissue mass (mg) and plasma metabolites for late-stage cachexia study.

 
 No tumor
 Tumor
 Effect p value
  PBS RGZ   PBS RGZ RGZ-PF   Treatment Tumor Treatment x Tumor
Body weight change
 3.0 ± 0.3
 3.4 ± 0.3
  
 −2.9 ± 0.4
 −1.0 ± 0.6*
 −3.3 ± 0.3
  
 0.005
 < 0.001
 0.064
Quadriceps muscle
 372 ± 19
 347 ± 22
  
 281 ± 19
 271 ± 15
 221 ± 14*
  
 0.342
 < 0.001
 0.693
Tibialis Anterior muscle
 96 ± 4
 103 ± 4
  
 68 ± 4
 72 ± 5
 65 ± 3
  
 0.184
 < 0.001
 0.778
Gastrocnemius muscle
 223 ± 9
 227 ± 7
  
 160 ± 8
 177 ± 10
 156 ± 6
  
 0.226
 < 0.001
 0.421
Epidydimal adipose
 664 ± 40
 862 ± 31
  
 91 ± 23
 249 ± 55*
 133 ± 21
  
 < 0.001
 < 0.001
 0.636
Inguinal adipose
 513 ± 28
 580 ± 53
  
 35 ± 16
 179 ± 51*
 64 ± 17
  
 0.014
 < 0.001
 0.355
Brown adipose
 132 ± 6
 176 ± 9
  
 40 ± 7
 87 ± 11**
 78 ± 5***
  
 < 0.001
 < 0.001
 0.878
Tumor
  
  
  
 1648 ± 98
 1754 ± 87
 1846 ± 102
  
  
  
  
Fasting glucose (mmol/L)
 8.0 ± 0.3
 7.5 ± 0.3
  
 4.4 ± 0.8
 3.6 ± 0.5
 3.3 ± 0.4
  
 0.174
 < 0.001
 0.804
Insulin-stimulated glucose change (mmol/L)
 −1.6 ± 0.3
 −1.9 ± 0.4
  
 0.2 ± 0.2
 0.5 ± 0.2
 0.3 ± 0.2
  
 0.920
 < 0.001
 0.398
Adiponectin (ng/ml)
 9202 ± 592
 19342 ± 490
  
 3384 ± 274
 6431 ± 632**
 6803 ± 574**
  
 < 0.001
 < 0.001
 < 0.001
IL-6 (pg/ml)
 2 ± 1
 5 ± 3
  
 274 ± 101
 134 ± 29
 127 ± 31
  
 0.087
 < 0.001
 0.075
NEFA (mEq/L) 0.33 ± 0.02 0.26 ± 0.02   0.25 ± 0.06 0.36 ± 0.10 0.35 ± 0.10   0.698 0.898 0.128

Mice were inoculated with 1x106 colon-26 adenocarcinoma cells (+) or vehicle (-) on day 0, and treated daily with IP injections of PBS or RGZ. Some RGZ(+) mice were pair-fed to the PBS(+) group. Mice were sacrificed when there was ~30% difference in body weight between the PBS(-) and PBS(+) groups. Two-way ANOVA was done to analyze tumor, treatment and tumor x treatment effects between the PBS(-), RGZ(-), PBS(+) and RGZ(+) groups. Two-sample t-tests with the Bonferroni correction factor were done to determine differences between the RGZ(+) and RGZ-PF(+) groups compared with the PBS(+) group. n = 13–15 mice/group, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.