Figure 7. Effects of morphine on SOCS-1, 2, 3 (A), PIAS-1, 3, X and Y (B) expression.

Seven-day-cultured macrophages were treated with or without morphine (10⁻¹⁰ M) for 3 h, and cellular RNA was subjected to the real-time RT-PCR for mRNA detection. Data are expressed as mRNA levels in morphine-treated cells (percentage of control) to those in untreated cells. The results represent the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. Statistical analysis was performed by Student's t-test and significance is shown with *P<0.05 (morphine versus control).