Table 1.
Youth/parent report | Sample questions | Number of questions | Cronbach’s alpha | |
Family influences | ||||
Parent–adolescent connectedness | Y | In the last 30 days, I really enjoyed being with my parents/caregivers. | 3 | .80 |
Parent–adolescent connectedness | P | In the last 30 days, I really enjoyed being with my child. | 3 | .78 |
Parent–adolescent activities | P | In the past week, did you do any projects or activities with your child at home? | 2 | .88 |
Parental monitoring | Y | How often does at least one of your parents know what you are doing when you are away from home? | 2 | .78 |
Parental monitoring | P | How often do you know what your child is doing when they are away from home? | 5 | .80 |
Parent intention to monitor | P | How likely is it that you will: Limit the time that (child) spends with other children without adult supervision, in the next 6 months? | 5 | .83 |
Attitudes toward monitoring | P | Closely monitoring (child’s) daily activities is: extremely good, pleasant, important. | 3 | .90 |
Antismoking parenting | ||||
Rules about smoking | Y | In the last 6 months, have you and either of your parents talked about family rules or expectations about smoking cigarettes? | 1 | N/A |
Perceived parental punishment | T | If one of your parents knew that you used tobacco or alcohol, how likely is it that he or she would punish you in some way? | 1 | N/A |
Parent likelihood of punishment | P | If you knew that (child) used tobacco or alcohol, how likely is it that you would discipline (child) or provide some type of consequence? | 1 | N/A |
Parent belief about child smoking activity | P | How many times, if any, do you think (child) has smoked cigarettes during the last 12 months? | 1 | N/A |
Parent belief about future use | P | How likely is it that (child) will use cigarettes, even once or twice over the next 12 months? | 1 | N/A |
Parent attitude about their personal tobacco use | P | Whether or not I use tobacco will influence whether or not my child will smoke cigarettes within the next 12 months. | 1 | N/A |
Note. N/A = not applicable—only one question per variable. P = parent report; T = only teenager’s records were available from this youth file; Y = youth report.