Table 4.
Bivariate and Adjusted Odds Ratios (95% CI) for Partner Violence Reported by Women
| Perpetrator | Victim | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | AOR | OR | AOR | |
| Demographic variables | ||||
| Race | ||||
| Black | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Coloured | 1.04 (0.7–1.6) | 1.40 (0.8–2.3) | 0.95 (0.6–1.5) | 1.23 (0.8–1.9) |
| White | 0.37 (0.2–0.8) | 0.56 (0.2–1.3) | 0.10 (0.0–0.3) | 0.11 (0.0–0.4)*** |
| Indian | 1.22 (0.6–2.5)* | 1.83 (0.8–4.0) | 0.90 (0.4–1.8)*** | 1.34 (0.6–3.2) |
| Age | ||||
| 18–34 | 2.21 (0.9–5.4) | 1.77 (0.7–4.6) | 2.32 (1.1–5.0) | 1.94 (0.7–5.1) |
| 35–49 | 1.90 (0.7–5.0) | 1.52 (0.6–4.0) | 1.82 (0.8–4.2) | 1.59 (0.6–4.3) |
| 50–64 | 1.70 (0.6–4.9) | 1.34 (0.5–3.8) | 1.42 (0.5–3.9) | 1.16 (0.4–3.5) |
| 65+ | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00** | 1.00 |
| Marital status | ||||
| Married | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Cohabiting | 1.50 (1.1–2.1)* | 1.19 (0.8–1.8) | 1.81 (1.2–2.8)** | 1.17 (0.7–1.9) |
| Education | ||||
| None | 2.46 (1.1–5.5) | 2.62 (1.1–6.2)* | 2.51 (1.2–5.5) | 2.04 (0.8–4.9) |
| Grade 1–7 | 1.96 (1.0–3.7) | 1.89 (1.0–3.6)* | 2.34 (1.2–4.4) | 1.90 (1.0–3.7)* |
| Grade 8–11 | 2.15 (1.2–3.7) | 2.17 (1.3–3.5)** | 2.33 (1.3–4.1) | 1.78 (1.0–3.3) |
| Grade 12 | 1.75 (1.0–3.1) | 1.63 (1.0–2.8) | 1.41 (0.7–2.7) | 1.02 (0.5–2.0) |
| Grade 13+ | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00** | 1.00 |
| Income | ||||
| 0 | 1.92 (1.0–3.7) | 1.43 (0.7–2.9) | 2.01 (1.2–3.4) | 1.31 (0.7–2.4) |
| 1–500 | 1.44 (0.8–2.5) | 1.07 (0.6–1.9) | 1.93 (1.1–3.3) | 1.34 (0.8–2.3) |
| 1501–16500 | 1.16 (0.7–1.9) | 0.84 (0.5–1.4) | 1.18 (0.7–2.1) | 0.85 (0.5–1.5) |
| 16501–97500 | 1.05 (0.7–1.6) | 0.94 (0.6–1.5) | 0.91 (0.6–1.5) | 0.79 (0.5–1.4) |
| 97501+ | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00** | 1.00 |
| Employment | ||||
| Unemployed | 1.08 (0.8–1.5) | 0.74 (0.5–1.2) | 1.26 (0.9–1.7) | 0.90 (0.6–1.3) |
| Employed | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Location | ||||
| Rural | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Urban | 0.69 (0.5–1.0) | 0.67 (0.4–1.0) | 0.84 (0.6–1.1) | 1.06 (0.8–1.4) |
| Early life risk factors | ||||
| Childhood violence | 3.08 (2.1–4.5)*** | 1.56 (1.0–2.5)* | 3.96 (2.6–6.0)*** | 2.16 (1.4–3.4)*** |
| Parental violence | 3.34 (2.2–5.2)*** | 2.46 (1.4–4.2)*** | 3.82 (2.7–5.5)*** | 2.43 (1.6–3.6)*** |
| Not close to PFC | 1.94 (1.0–3.8)* | 1.41 (0.6–3.1) | 1.34 (0.7–2.5) | 1.00 (0.5–2.1) |
| Not close to PMC | 1.70 (0.9–3.1) | 1.03 (0.5–2.1) | 2.49 (1.5–4.1)*** | 1.70 (1.0–3.0) |
| Disorders before age 20 | ||||
| Alcohol abuse/dependence | 6.96 (1.2–40.7)* | 5.97 (1.0–34)* | 3.59 (0.7–18.0) | 2.49 (0.3–21) |
| IED | 0.32 (0.1–1.6) | 0.08 (0.0–0.7)* | 2.61 (0.6–10.9) | 0.80 (0.1–4.8) |
| Anxiety Disorder | 1.36 (0.8–2.2) | 0.79 (0.4–1.4) | 1.83 (1.1–3.0)* | 1.03 (0.5–1.9) |
| Mood Disorder | 1.26 (0.6–2.7) | 1.20 (0.5–2.8) | 1.38 (0.6–3.0) | 1.47 (0.7–3.3) |
| Adult risk factors | ||||
| Living children | 1.36 (0.7–2.5) | 1.50 (0.7–3.1) | 0.94 (0.6–1.5) | 0.91 (0.5–1.7) |
| Dead children | 0.89 (0.6–1.3) | 0.87 (0.5–1.4) | 1.03 (0.7–1.4) | 1.03 (0.7–1.5) |
| Disorders since age 20 | ||||
| Alcohol abuse/dependence | 4.35 (2.2–8.7)*** | 3.37 (1.7–6.8)*** | 4.99 (2.4–10.4)*** | 4.06 (1.6–10)** |
| IED | 1.44 (0.5–4.1) | 1.78 (0.6–5.3) | 4.89 (1.9–12.8)*** | 4.03 (1.5–11)** |
| Anxiety Disorder | 1.81 (1.3–2.6)** | 1.46 (0.9–2.3) | 2.19 (1.4–3.4)*** | 1.44 (0.8–2.6) |
| Mood Disorder | 1.33 (0.9–2.0) | 1.07 (0.6–1.8) | 1.34 (0.9–2.0) | 0.81 (0.5–1.4) |
*
(p-value ≤ .05),
**
(p-value ≤ .01),
***
(p-value ≤ .001)