Cumulative mutations in the substrate contacting residues of YidC inhibit its function. The Pf3 contacting residues at 424, 427, 430, 435, 468, 476, 502, 505, and 508 were substituted to Ala (YidC-9A) and to Ser (YidC-9S) and expressed in MK6 under YidC-depleted conditions (in the presence of glucose, right panel) or non-depleted conditions (in the presence of arabinose, left panel). A mutant that has the contacting residues in the central and periplasmic leaflet (YidC-6S; 430, 435, 468, 502, 505, 508) and a mutant in the central and cytoplasmic positions mutated (YidC-7S; 424, 427, 430, 468, 476, 502, 505) were tested. 1 mm IPTG was added to induce the plasmid-directed synthesis of each YidC mutant. Serial dilutions of the cultures were spotted and incubated over night at 37 °C. For a control, cells transformed with the empty plasmid (pGZ) and cells encoding the wild-type YidC (YidC+) are shown.