Table 7. Within-sex contrasts for the acoustic parameters across conditions in female speakers.
Acoustic parameters | Contrasts | |||
Neutral vs. Masc | Neutral vs. Fem | |||
All vowels (N = 14) | F | p | F | p |
F0mean | 14.31 | 0.002* | 24.80 | <0.001* |
F0CV | 0.26 | 0.619 | 5.33 | 0.038* |
F1 | 10.17 | 0.007* | 0.34 | 0.569 |
F2 | 17.10 | 0.001* | 1.59 | 0.229 |
F3 | 10.56 | 0.006* | 2.57 | 0.133 |
F4 | 20.60 | 0.001* | 0.99 | 0.002* |
ΔF | 26.17 | <0.001* | 2.15 | 0.166 |
F-ratio (F) and p-value (p) for: mean fundamental frequency (F0mean), coefficient of variation (F0CV), first four formant frequencies (F1–F4) and formant spacing (ΔF). Significant effects are indicated with an asterisk. “Masc” and “Fem” represent the masculinised and feminised conditions.