Figure 1.

Color wash represents the DVH bands for dose distributions covering all setup and proton range uncertainties for CTV and various organs for the robustly optimized plan (right column) and the PTV-based plan (left) for the NSCLC case. The solid lines are the DVHs for the nominal dose distribution (i.e., without consideration of uncertainties). The narrowness of CTV band for the robustly optimized plan indicates improved robustness. At the same time, the sparing for the esophagus, spinal cord, and normal lung is perceptibly improved.