Age |
|
|
|
Q1: 21–61 years |
Reference |
|
|
Q2: 62–70 years |
0.725 |
0.694, 0.758 |
<.0001 |
Q3: 71–78 years |
0.736 |
0.700, 0.773 |
<.0001 |
Q4: ≥ 79 years |
1.125 |
1.066, 1.188 |
<.0001 |
Race: |
|
|
|
White |
Reference |
|
|
Black |
2.883 |
2.654, 3.131 |
<.0001 |
Hispanic |
2.154 |
1.940, 2.391 |
<.0001 |
Asian/Pacific Islander |
1.794 |
1.455, 2.212 |
<.0001 |
Native American |
2.447 |
1.864, 3.211 |
<.0001 |
Other |
1.284 |
1.089, 1.514 |
0.0029 |
Gender: |
|
|
|
Male |
Reference |
|
|
Female |
0.961 |
0.929, 0.994 |
0.0212 |
Median income by zip code: |
|
|
|
Q1 |
1.763 |
1.599, 1.943 |
<.0001 |
Q2 |
1.364 |
1.244, 1.496 |
0.0189 |
Q3 |
1.172 |
1.084, 1.268 |
<.0001 |
Q4 |
Reference |
|
|
Primary payer: |
|
|
|
Medicare |
Reference |
|
|
Private insurance |
0.556 |
0.527, 0.586 |
<.0001 |
Medicaid |
1.623 |
1.524, 1.728 |
<.0001 |
Uninsured |
1.106 |
0.970, 1.260 |
0.1308 |
Patient county of residence: |
|
|
|
Large metropolitan |
Reference |
|
|
Small metropolitan |
1.060 |
0.951, 1.182 |
0.2918 |
Micopolitan |
1.076 |
0.871, 1.328 |
0.4986 |
Other |
1.004 |
0.867, 1.162 |
0.9614 |
Co-morbidity |
|
|
|
Congestive heart failure |
4.158 |
3.881, 4.454 |
<.0001 |
Vavular disease |
1.769 |
1.634, 1.915 |
<.0001 |
Pulmonary circulation disorders |
2.277 |
1.970, 2.632 |
<.0001 |
Peripheral vascular disorders |
0.422 |
0.395, 0.451 |
<.0001 |
Hypertension |
0.766 |
0.736, 0.797 |
<.0001 |
Paralysis |
3.611 |
3.325, 3.923 |
<.0001 |
Neurological disorders |
2.963 |
2.797, 3.138 |
<.0001 |
Chronic pulmonary disease |
0.750 |
0.722, 0.780 |
<.0001 |
Diabetes mellitus, uncomplicated |
0.616 |
0.587, 0.646 |
<.0001 |
Diabetes mellitus with chronic complications |
2.791 |
2.646, 2.945 |
<.0001 |
Hypothyroidism |
0.894 |
0.845, 0.947 |
0.0001 |
Renal failure |
2.006 |
1.913, 2.103 |
<.0001 |
Liver disease |
1.978 |
1.773, 2.206 |
<.0001 |
Peptic ulcer disease without bleeding |
1.788 |
1.022, 3.129 |
0.0418 |
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome |
1.634 |
1.129, 2.365 |
0.0093 |
Lymphoma |
1.212 |
0.981, 1.497 |
0.0755 |
Metastatic cancer |
1.438 |
1.209, 1.712 |
<.0001 |
Solid tumor without metastases |
1.029 |
0.905, 1.168 |
0.6658 |
Rheumatoid arthritis/collagen vascular diseases |
0.968 |
0.878, 1.067 |
0.5126 |
Coagulopathy |
1.614 |
1.483, 1.757 |
<.0001 |
Obesity |
0.746 |
0.694, 0.802 |
<.0001 |
Weight loss |
4.857 |
4.375, 5.392 |
<.0001 |
Fluid and electrolyte disorders |
2.691 |
2.570, 2.818 |
<.0001 |
Chronic blood loss anemia |
1.905 |
1.699, 2.135 |
<.0001 |
Deficiency anemias |
2.468 |
2.349, 2.593 |
<.0001 |
Alcohol abuse |
1.184 |
1.077, 1.302 |
0.0005 |
Drug abuse |
2.224 |
1.943, 2.547 |
<.0001 |
Psychoses |
2.540 |
2.313, 2.790 |
<.0001 |
Depression |
1.650 |
1.542, 1.766 |
<.0001 |
Diagnostic angiogram |
0.139 |
0.128, 0.150 |
<.0001 |
Admission status: |
|
|
|
Elective |
Reference |
|
|
Non-elective |
2.434 |
2.261, 2.622 |
<.0001 |
LER volume: |
|
|
|
Q1: 0–11/year |
22.430 |
18.730, 26.862 |
<.0001 |
Q2: 12–71/year |
3.454 |
3.051, 3.911 |
<.0001 |
Q3: 72–248/year |
2.057 |
1.851, 2.287 |
<.0001 |
Q4: ≥ 249/year |
Reference |
|
|
Hospital location: |
|
|
|
Urban |
Reference |
|
|
Rural |
1.741 |
1.114, 2.721 |
0.0150 |
Hospital teaching status: |
|
|
|
Teaching |
Reference |
|
|
Non-teaching |
1.270 |
1.121, 1.438 |
0.0002 |
Hospital bed size: |
|
|
|
Small |
1.068 |
0.845, 1.349 |
0.9862 |
Medium |
1.145 |
1.001, 1.310 |
0.2082 |
Large |
Reference |
|
|
Geographic region: |
|
|
|
Northeast |
0.759 |
0.636, 0.906 |
0.1135 |
Midwest |
0.732 |
0.621, 0.864 |
0.0217 |
South |
Reference |
|
|
West |
0.759 |
0.755, 1.060 |
0.3027 |