Age |
|
|
|
Q1: 21–61 years |
Reference |
|
|
Q2: 62–70 years |
0.759 |
0.720, 0.800 |
<.0001 |
Q3: 71–78 years |
0.818 |
0.770, 0.869 |
<.0001 |
Q4: ≥ 79 years |
1.192 |
1.117, 1.272 |
<.0001 |
Race: |
|
|
|
White |
Reference |
|
|
Black |
2.149 |
1.994, 2.316 |
<.0001 |
Hispanic |
1.600 |
1.464, 1.749 |
0.0814 |
Asian/Pacific Islander |
1.302 |
1.079, 1.571 |
0.1197 |
Native American |
2.002 |
1.519, 2.640 |
0.0107 |
Other |
1.166 |
0.996, 1.364 |
0.0009 |
Gender: |
|
|
|
Male |
Reference |
|
|
Female |
0.798 |
0.771, 0.826 |
<.0001 |
Median income by zip code: |
|
|
|
Q1 |
1.342 |
1.240, 1.453 |
<.0001 |
Q2 |
1.257 |
1.166, 1.356 |
0.0002 |
Q3 |
1.115 |
1.037, 1.199 |
0.0145 |
Q4 |
Reference |
|
|
Primary payer: |
|
|
|
Medicare |
Reference |
|
|
Private insurance |
0.738 |
0.696, 0.783 |
<.0001 |
Medicaid |
1.257 |
1.171, 1.349 |
<.0001 |
Uninsured |
1.052 |
0.923, 1.199 |
0.4477 |
Co-morbidity: |
|
|
|
Congestive heart failure |
3.281 |
3.081, 3.495 |
<.0001 |
Vavular disease |
1.348 |
1.235, 1.472 |
<.0001 |
Pulmonary circulation disorders |
1.293 |
1.098, 1.522 |
0.0020 |
Peripheral vascular disorders |
0.400 |
0.377, 0.425 |
<.0001 |
Hypertension |
0.771 |
0.739, 0.803 |
<.0001 |
Paralysis |
2.775 |
2.525, 3.049 |
<.0001 |
Neurological disorders |
2.178 |
2.031, 2.335 |
<.0001 |
Chronic pulmonary disease |
0.735 |
0.704, 0.768 |
<.0001 |
Diabetes mellitus, uncomplicated |
0.802 |
0.763, 0.842 |
<.0001 |
Diabetes mellitus with chronic complications |
2.167 |
2.050, 2.290 |
<.0001 |
Hypothyroidism |
0.930 |
0.872, 0.992 |
0.0285 |
Renal failure |
1.194 |
1.138, 1.253 |
<.0001 |
Liver disease |
1.319 |
1.149, 1.513 |
<.0001 |
Metastatic cancer |
1.433 |
1.153, 1.779 |
0.0012 |
Coagulopathy |
1.103 |
1.001, 1.215 |
0.0471 |
Obesity |
0.808 |
0.747, 0.874 |
<.0001 |
Weight loss |
2.570 |
2.336, 2.827 |
<.0001 |
Fluid and electrolyte disorders |
1.642 |
1.568, 1.720 |
<.0001 |
Chronic blood loss anemia |
1.696 |
1.623, 1.772 |
<.0001 |
Deficiency anemias |
1.696 |
1.623, 1.772 |
<.0001 |
Drug abuse |
1.253 |
1.030, 1.524 |
0.0238 |
Psychoses |
1.848 |
1.650, 2.070 |
<.0001 |
Depression |
1.653 |
1.536, 1.779 |
<.0001 |
Diagnostic angiogram |
0.094 |
0.088, 0.101 |
<.0001 |
Admission status: |
|
|
|
Elective |
Reference |
|
|
Non-elective |
2.192 |
2.060, 2.333 |
<.0001 |
LER volume: |
|
|
|
Q1: 0–11/year |
15.163 |
12.497, 18.397 |
<.0001 |
Q2: 12–71/year |
2.752 |
2.439, 3.105 |
<.0001 |
Q3: 72–248/year |
1.767 |
1.609, 1.940 |
<.0001 |
Q4: ≥ 249/year |
Reference |
|
|
Hospital teaching status: |
|
|
|
Teaching |
1.132 |
1.021, 1.254 |
0.0186 |
Non-teaching |
Reference |
|
|
Geographic region: |
|
|
|
Northeast |
0.769 |
0.675, 0.875 |
0.0287 |
Midwest |
0.807 |
0.704, 0.925 |
0.3041 |
South |
Reference |
|
|
West |
0.831 |
0.737, 0.937 |
0.6399 |
Model C statistic 0.865, R-square 0.8983 |