Fig. 3.

Effect of an ethanol extract of Ulmus davidiana var. japonica (UD) on intracellular Ca²⁺ release and Ca²⁺ influx in rat aortic rings. Phenylephrine-induced contractions were evoked in the absence or presence of extracellular Ca²⁺ and high K⁺-induced contractions were evoked by the addition of extracellular Ca²⁺. Note: High K⁺-induced contractions were not evoked in the absence of extracellular Ca²⁺. The aortic rings were pretreated with UD (10µg/ml) or L-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME) for 10 min before the exposure to phenylephrine or high K⁺. Each bar shows the mean±S.E. (n=5) ^*p<0.05 versus control. ^#p<0.05 versus UD alone.