Study species and study sites. (a) Metrosideros excelsa. (b) Knightia excelsa. (c) Veronica macrocarpa var. latisepala. (d) Veronica macrocarpa var. macrocarpa. (e) This study was conducted in the Auckland region of New Zealand on Little Barrier Island (A, ‘intact’) and five North Island sites (‘invaded’): Metrosideros excelsa at sites E and F; Knightia excelsa at sites C and D; and Veronica macrocarpa at sites B and C. A, Little Barrier Island Nature Reserve; B, Pararaha, Waitakere Ranges Regional Park; C, Quarry Track, Waitakere Ranges Regional Park; D, Hunua Ranges Regional Park; E, White's Beach, Waitakere Ranges Regional Park; F, Mahurangi Regional Park. Map credit—Wikicommons.