Table 1.
Characteristics of the Cohort, by Disease Status
| Characteristic | No Infection (n = 1170) | HIV Monoinfection (n = 509) | Hepatitis Monoinfection (n = 74) | Coinfection (n = 66) | P Valuea |
| Age | |||||
| <40 | 302 (26) | 199 (39) | 5 (6.8) | 19 (29) | <.001 |
| 40–49 | 456 (39) | 217 (43) | 37 (50) | 33 (50) | |
| ≥50 | 412 (35) | 93 (18) | 32 (43) | 14 (21) | |
| Year of MACS visit | |||||
| <2001 | 286 (24) | 372 (73) | 14 (19) | 46 (70) | <.001 |
| ≥2001 | 884 (76) | 137 (27) | 60 (81) | 20 (30) | |
| White race | 864 (74) | 391 (77) | 25 (34) | 46 (70) | <.001 |
| Heavy alcohol use | 98 (8.5) | 34 (6.9) | 6 (8.3) | 6 (9.2) | .711 |
| BMI | |||||
| <25 | 472 (43) | 253 (55) | 24 (34) | 37 (58) | <.001 |
| 25–30 | 426 (38) | 162 (35) | 29 (41) | 20 (31) | |
| ≥30 | 212 (19) | 45 (10) | 18 (25) | 7 (11) | |
| Current IDU | 7 (0.6) | 6 (1.2) | 3 (4.2) | 2 (3.2) | .007 |
| Log10 HIV viral load, median (IQR) | 4.27 (3.58–4.83) | 4.16 (3.46–4.78) | .294b | ||
| CD4 count, median (IQR) | 394 (250–531) | 393 (160–524) | .695b | ||
| CD4 count ≤200 | 93 (18) | 19 (29) | .037b | ||
| Current lamivudine use | 75 (15) | 11 (17) | .7b | ||
| Current ART | |||||
| No therapy | 297 (60) | 40 (62) | .722b | ||
| Monotherapy | 80 (16) | 8 (12) | |||
| Combination therapy | 120 (24) | 17 (26) | |||
| Platelets, 109/L median (IQR) | 233 (201–269) | 208 (171–247) | 209 (176–247) | 161 (127–212) | .0001 |
| AST, IU/mL, median (IQR) | 22 (18–27) | 27 (22–35) | 31 (23–45) | 54 (38–78) | .0001 |
| Elevated ASTc | 70 (6.0) | 103 (20.2) | 27 (36.5) | 51 (77.3) | <.001 |
| ALT, IU/mL, median (IQR)d | 23 (18–30) | 25 (18–33) | 33 (26–51) | 70.5 (36–97) | .0001 |
| Elevated ALTc,d | 109 (12.8) | 24 (18.5) | 27 (45.8) | 19 (73.1) | <.001 |
All data are No. (%) unless otherwise indicated.
Abbreviations: ALT, alanine aminotransferase; ART, antiretroviral therapy; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus type 1; IDU, intravenous drug use; IQR, interquartile range; MACS, Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study.
P values are for comparison across all groups (unless specified) using Kruskal-Wallis rank test for continuous variables and Pearson χ2 test for categorical variables.
Comparison limited to HIV infected using Wilcoxon rank-sum test for continuous variables and Pearson χ2 test for categorical variables.
Elevated AST and ALT defined as ≥1.25 × upper limit of normal (ULN), with ULN 30 IU/mL [21].
Limited to 1069 subjects with ALT results available (ALT not routine tested in the cohort prior to 2001): 854 no infection, 130 HIV monoinfection, 59 hepatitis monoinfection, 26 coinfection.