Table 1.
Sociodemographic and disease-related characteristics by gender group1
| Males (N = 149) (%) |
Females (N = 251) (%) |
p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age in years old (SD) Range | 101.62 (1.88) 100-107 |
101.99 (2.13) 100-109 |
0.1 |
| Habitat status | 0.632 | ||
| Home alone | 38 (25.9) | 53 (21.6) | |
| Home not alone | 96 (64.4) | 172 (68.5) | |
| Nursing home | 13 (8.7) | 20 (7.9) | |
| Type of habitat | 0.134 | ||
| Urban | 33 (22.8) | 74 (30.3) | |
| Rural | 112 (77.2) | 170 (69.7) | |
| Family status | < 0.0005* | ||
| Non widow(-er) | 30 (20.1) | 15 (5.9) | |
| Widow(-er) | 119(79.9) | 236(94.1) | |
| Mean number of children (range) | 3.8 (0-12) | 4.2 (0-11) | 0.233 |
| Number of centenarian 1st degree siblings | 0.023* | ||
| No | 132 (88.6) | 238 (94.8) | |
| One | 12 (8.1) | 12 (4.8) | |
| More than one | 5 (3.6) | 1 (0.4) | |
| Education | < 0.0005* | ||
| 2Illiterate | 32 (21.8) | 139(55.6) | |
| 3Literate | 115(78.2) | 111 (44.4) | |
| Income | 0.21 | ||
| < 500 euros | 75 (51.7) | 139 (58.9) | |
| ≥500 | 70 (48.3) | 97 (41.1) | |
| Smoking | < 0.0005* | ||
| Yes | 21 (14.4) | 2 (0.8) | |
| No | 116 (79.5) | 242 (97.2) | |
| Occasionally | 9 (6.2) | 5 (2) | |
| BMI | 0.001* | ||
| Normal | 75 (57.3) | 119 (51.5) | |
| Overweight | 47 (35.9) | 58 (25.1) | |
| Obese | 5 (3.8) | 30 (12.9) | |
| Diseases | |||
| Cardiovascular | 36 (25.9) | 59 (26.7) | 0.965 |
| Diabetes Mellitus | 11 (7.9) | 14 (6.3) | 0.718 |
| Cancer | 28 (19.7) | 66 (28) | 0.094 |
| Neuropsychiatric | 2 (1.4) | 11 (5) | 0.141 |
SD: Standard deviation, BMI: Body Mass Index
1Categorical by categorical comparisons were made using chi-square tests. Gender differences in scale variables were assessed by non-parametric Mann-Whitney tests.
2Illiterate: Centenarians who have not received formal education at all or have not completed primary school.
3Literate: Centenarians who have graduated at least from primary school.
*p < 0.05 (two-tailed)