Table 3. Risk factors for prevalent nasopharyngeal carriage of S. pneumoniae.

Risk factor	Sample	Carriers	OR	95% CI	aOR	95% CI
Male sex	1435	934	0.94	0.81–1.10
Cough in the last 2 weeks?	1420	1079	2.53	2.15–2.96	1.55	1.26–1.91
Coryza in the last 2 weeks?	1684	1286	3.18	2.71–3.73	2.62	2.12–3.34
Child taken antibiotics in the last 2 weeks?	111	67	0.78	0.53–1.16	0.53	0.34–0.81
Child taken Fansidar in the last 2 weeks?	30	17	0.68	0.33–1.40
Child hospitalized in the last month?	8	5	0.87	0.21–3.63
Child sleeps in the cooking room?	496	344	1.22	0.99–1.50
Cooking fuel
firewood	2761	1814	1.00
gas	10	8	2.09	0.44–9.85
charcoal	60	41	1.13	0.65–1.95
paraffin	9	5	0.65	0.17–2.44
Smoker in the house	517	368	1.36	1.10–1.67
Household member hospitalized in last month	18	12	1.04	0.39–2.78
Study time	(per month)		1.00	0.99–1.01	0.98	0.96–0.99
No. of other children (aged 0–2 y) in the house	(per child)		0.82	0.71–0.95
No. of other children (aged 3–4 y) in the house	(per child)		1.11	0.97–1.28
No. of other children (aged5–9 y) in the house	(per child)		1.05	0.97–1.14
No. of other children (aged 10–14 y) in the house	(per child)		1.01	0.95–1.07
No. of children (aged ≤5 y) sharing a bed with child	(per child)		0.95	0.84–1.07

OR Odds Ratio; aOR adjusted Odds Ratio. Variables included in the final model but not displayed here are age (6 monthly strata), month of sampling and fieldworker taking the sample (n = 9). The full analysis is displayed in Table S2. The final model fit was tested using Hosmer-Lemeshow χ² in 10 covariate strata (p = 0.95).