FIG. 6.

Cell cycle inhibitors p16 and p18 are induced in β-cells by FFAs in combination with high glucose. Islets isolated after infusion showed increased expression of p16 (A) (n = 5–6; data are quantified [B]) and p18 (C) (n = 5–6; data are quantified [D]), only in mice infused with both lipids and glucose. E–G: INS-1 cells cultured with glucose and BSA control or BSA-conjugated palmitic acid had increased expression of both p16 and p18 by immunoblot (E); data are quantified (F–G), n = 12–13. Data are mean ± SEM; P values by ANOVA (B and D) and by t test (F–G).