(A) Left-ventricular pressure-volume loops show TAC-induced increase in systolic load. In NTG-, WT TG, GRK- TG mice, TAC leads to rightward shift of the loops and end-systolic pressure-volume relation, marking hypertrophy remodeling. But in PKA- TG mice, TAC induces hear failure (HF). (B, C) Summary data on systolic function (B) and diastolic function (C). LVSP, left ventricle systolic pressure. SV, stroke volume. Ea, arterial elastance (measure of ventricular afterload). EF, ejection fraction. +dp/dt, maximum dP/dt. Ees, endsystolic pressure-volume relationship (ESPVR), Eed, end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship (ESDPVR). EDP, end-diastolic pressure. Tau, Regression of Log (pressure) vs time (Weiss method). All values present means ± SE (n=8–13 for each group, *P<0.05, **P<0.01 v.s. respective Sham; †P<0.05, ‡P<0.01 v.s. respective TAC).