Table 4.

References focused on kyphosis (>30°) correction in active spinal tuberculosis

References	No. of patients		Stage	Surgical approach	Type of instrumentation	Operation time (min)	Blood loss (ml)	Follow-up (months)	Kyphosis angle (Pre) (°)	Kyphosis angle (Pos.) (°)	Final follow-up (°)
	Children	Adults
Louw, 1990 [10]	9	10	One 6	Ant – Post.	PS. H. W.	NA	Ant. 674, Post. 556,	25.5	56	27	30
			Two 13				One 878
Altman, 1996 [29]	5	None	Two	Ant – Post.	No instrument	NA	NA	12.8 years	100	71.2	74.8
Al-Sebai, 2001 [3]	6	8	O / T	Ant – Post.	PS. H.	NA	NA	40	50	19	NA
Chen, 2002 [12]	1	28	Two	Ant – Post.	PS. H. W.	NA	NA	4.7 years	34.6	14.9	17.3
Sundararaj, 2003 [13]	77		One 70	Ant – Post.	PS. H. W.	5 hours for one stage	1000 ml for one stage	36.7	Dorsal 26.93	Dorsal 15.86	Dorsal 20.25
									Dorsolumbar 32.4	Dorsolumbar 14.6	Dorsolumbar 17.4
			Two 7						Lumbar 15.36	Lumbar −1.28	Lumbar 2.24
									Lumbosacral −14	Lumbosacral −28	Lumbosacral −14.33
Mukhtar, 2003 [27]	22		One 12	Ant – Post. 9	PS. H. W.	NA	NA	>18	42	15	18
			Two 10	Post – Ant. 13
Zhang, 2007 [26]	None	23	One	Ant – Post.	PS. H.	172	1100	42	44	20	24
Huang, 2009 [25]	15	None	One	Ant – Post.	PS.	263	650	30.3	36	23	27
Jain. 2008 [20]	38		One	Anterolateral Extrapleural	W.	3.5 hours	1175	32.9	49.08	22.5	24
Deng, 2009 [15]	34		One	Post.	PS.	208	410	4.5 years	57.8	NA	11.4
Gokce, 2008 [24]	None	12	One	Post.	PS.	4.6 hours	1900	62	51.1	23.2	28.6
Laheri, 2001 [16]	10	18	One	Post.	PS. H. W.	NA	850	5.8 years	63.5	23.5	26.7
Hirakawa, 2010 [30]	None	10	Two	Post – Ant.	PS. H. W.	Post. 219±66; Ant. 289±157	Post. 627±444; Ant. 627±444	48.2	35.6±39.2	26.2±35.5	31.3±38.7
Moon, 1995 [28]	5	39	One 19	Post – Ant.	PS. H. W.	NA	NA	18	Adult 37	Adult 16	Adult 18
			Two 25						Child 55	Child 28	Child 31

O / T one stage or two stage, Ant anterior, Post posterior, PS pedicle screws, H hooks, W sublaminar wires, NA not mentioned