Appendix Table 1.

Results From 5,000 Cohort, Subcohort, and Case-Cohort Marginal Structural Analyses^a for Null and Alternative Scenarios

	Cohort Analysis			Subcohort Analysis (IP-Weighted)	Case-Cohort Analysis (IP-Weighted)
	Unadjusted	Adjusted	IP-Weighted
Scenario 1: null hypothesis
Bias	0.336	0.113	0.001	0.006	−0.015
Average standard error	0.143	0.156	0.162	0.363	0.212
Empirical standard errorb	0.138	0.150	0.157	0.363	0.228
95% CI coverage, %	33.4	90.1	95.8	94.7	93.4
Type 1 error, %	66.6	9.9	4.2	5.3	6.6
Root MSE	0.363	0.188	0.157	0.363	0.228
Relative root MSE			1	2.31	1.45
Scenario 2: alternative hypothesis
Bias	0.671	0.146	0.001	0.004	−0.004
Average standard error	0.139	0.156	0.156	0.351	0.217
Empirical standard errorb	0.131	0.138	0.144	0.332	0.225
95% CI coverage, %	<0.1	87.3	96.7	96.2	94.0
Statistical power, %	4.3	95.9	99.4	51.5	89.6
Root MSE	0.684	0.201	0.144	0.332	0.225
Relative root MSE			1	2.31	1.56

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; IP, inverse probability; MSE, mean squared error.

^a1,000 participants per cohort with 25% events; 200 participants per subcohort.

^bStandard deviation of 5,000 log hazard ratio estimates.