Fig. 1.

Central and peripheral hemodynamic responses to 2 min of passive limb movement in the supine and upright positions. Values are means ± SE for heart rate [in beats/min (bpm)], stroke volume, cardiac output, mean arterial pressure, and leg blood flow. The left column represents the average temporal responses of all subjects (n = 14). The right column represents the cumulative area above (AAC) or below (AUC) the curve calculated as the summed second-by-second response of these variables for the first 60 s of passive movement. *P < 0.05, significant difference between the supine and upright positions. One minute of baseline data was collected before passive movement. The transition from baseline to passive movement occurred at time 0 on the x-axis.