Table 4.
Studies of Racial/Ethnic Differences in Alcohol-attributable Intentional Injury (Homicide and Suicide) Mortality in the United States
| First Author, Year (Reference No.) | Injurious Outcome | Data Source | Alcohol Assessment | Year(s) | Racial/Ethnic Groups Examined | Principal Findings |
| Goodman, 1986 (31) | Homicide | Los Angeles County (California) records (medical examiner–coroner and linked police files) | BAC | 1970–1979 | White, black, Latino, and “other” | Latino male homicide victims had the highest proportion of detectable alcohol (57%), followed by black males (47.7%) and white males (34.6%). |
| Sutocky, 1993 (12) | Homicide | California death statistical master file from the California vital statistics with information from ARDI | Estimated alcohol-attributable based on ARDI | 1980–1989 | White, black, Hispanic, “other” | Blacks had the highest rate of alcohol-attributable homicide death (29.81 per 100,000), followed by Hispanics (10.15), “other” (3.27), and whites (2.90). |
| Stahre, 2010 (26) | Homicide | California death statistical master file from the California vital statistics with information from ARDI | Estimated alcohol-attributable based on ARDI | 2006 | White, black/African American, Asian, or “other”; Hispanic ethnicity recorded separately | Blacks had the highest rate of alcohol-attributable homicide death (146.6 per 100,000), followed by “other” (46.3), Hispanic (33.9), white (26.0), and Asian (11.7). |
| Sutocky, 1993 (12) | Suicide | California death statistical master file from the California vital statistics | Estimated alcohol-attributable based on ARDI | 1980–1989 | White, black, Hispanic, “other” | Whites had the highest rate of alcohol-attributable suicide (6.03 per 100,000), followed by black (3.14), Hispanic (2.53), and “other” (2.39). |
| Karch, 2006 (29) | Suicide | National Violent Death Reporting System (17 states) | BAC | 2004 | Non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, Hispanic, “other” | Hispanic suicide victims had the highest proportion of detectable alcohol (40.3%), followed by non-Hispanic whites (34.3%), non-Hispanic other (28.4%), and non-Hispanic blacks (25.6%). |
| Crosby, 2009 (30) | Suicide | National Violent Death Reporting System (17 states) | BAC | 2005–2006 | Non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, American Indian/Alaska Native, non-Hispanic Asian/Pacific Islander, Hispanic | American Indian/Alaska Native suicide victims had the highest percentage of alcohol-positive BAC (45.5), followed by Hispanic (39.2), non-Hispanic white (33.6), non-Hispanic black (24.9), and Asian/Pacific Islander (22.9). |
| Stahre, 2010 (26) | Suicide | California death statistical master file from the California vital statistics | Estimated alcohol-attributable based on ARDI | 2006 | White, black/African American, Asian, or “other”; Hispanic ethnicity recorded separately | “Other” category had the highest rate of alcohol-attributable suicide (30.9 per 100,000), followed by white (24.0), black (12.7), Asian (10.8), and Hispanic (7.5) |
Abbreviations: ARDI, Alcohol-Related Disease Impact; BAC, blood alcohol content.