Table 2.
|
Cardiac expression level |
Preischemic phosphorylation |
Postischemic phosphorylation |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Protein kinase | Age (MA vs. YA) | CR (MA-CR vs. MA) | Age (MA vs. YA) | CR (MA-CR vs. MA) | Age (MA vs. YA) | CR (MA-CR vs. MA) |
Akt (prosurvival) | – | ↑ ↑ | – | – | ↑↑↑ | – |
p70S6K (prosurvival) | ↓ ↓ | ↑ ↑ | ↑↑↑ | ↓ ↓ | ↑↑↑ | – |
p38-MAPK (prosurvival/death?) | – | ↓ | – | ↑ | ↑↑↑ | – |
GSK3β (prodeath) | ↑↑↑ | – | ↓ ↓ | – | ↑↑↑ | ↓ |
Relative changes in Akt, GSK3β, p70S6K, and p38-MAPK levels and phosphorylation in middle-aged (MA) versus young (Y) hearts, and with CR in MA hearts: (↑) increased; (↓) decreased; (−) unchanged. (↑ or ↓) 10%−40% change; (↑ ↑ or ↓ ↓) 41%−70% change; (↑↑↑ or ↓↓↓) >70+% change. Responses are derived from data in Figs. 4 and 5.
CR, Calorie reduction; YA, young adult; MAPK, mitogen-activation protein kinse.