Table 1. Studies reporting use of text messaging for malaria control in Africa.

Country	Area of Malaria Control	No of HFs	Text Messaging Content	Dominant Text Message Flow	Reporting Frequency	Feasibility Shown	Potential Response	Reference
Zambia	Disease surveillance (foci detection)	13	Name of HF; Name of sender; No RDT tested; No RDT positive	Upstream	Weekly	Yes	Active screening; outbreak response	[20]
Madagascar	Disease surveillance (outbreak detection)	13	No of patient visits; No of patients meeting case-definition	Upstream	Daily	Yes	Outbreak response	[21]
Tanzania	Commodity monitoring	129	AL stock for each of 4 packs; stock quinine vials	Upstream	Weekly	Yes	Drug redistribution; Emergency orders	[22]
Uganda	Disease surveillance and commodity monitoring	147	26 malaria testing, treatment and ACT and RDT stock parameters	Upstream	Weekly	Yes	Drug redistribution; Emergency orders; Case-management corrections	[23]
Tanzania	Post-marketing surveillance	25	Patient demographic, date, type of event	Upstream	When occurred	Yes	Investigation of adverse drug reactions	[24]
Kenya	Health worker adherence	52	10 different case-management messages per week over 26 weeks	Downstream	Twice daily	Yes	Not applicable	[45]

ACT, artemisinin-based combination therapy; HF, health facility; RDT, rapid diagnostic test.