Figure 1. Overexpression of PGL1 increased grain size in rice.

A) Structure of the chitinase promoter and PGL1 gene in the pPZP2H-lac binary vector. B) Grain phenotype of T₀ transgenic plants (Ni#) compared with the Nipponbare wild type (NiWT) (bar = 1 cm) C) Quantitative PCR expression analysis of PGL1 in the lemma/palea of T₀ plants compared with the wild type (WT = 1) normalized by OsActin. Error bar indicates ±sd over three biological repeats. D) Comparison of grain length and width of transgenic T₀ and wild type plants (error bar, ±sd, n = 10). Asterisks denote a significant difference from the wild type as determined by Student's t tests (ns, not significant; **, p<0.01; ***,p<0.001).