Table 1.
Antibiotic classes | Compounds | Habitat | Concentration range (ppt) | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sulfonamides | Sulfamethoxazole | Shrimp pond | 0.01–6.06 × 106 | Le and Munekage (2004) |
Urban drainage | 190–330 | Managaki et al. (2007) | ||
Canal | 37–174 | Managaki et al. (2007) | ||
0.02–4330 | Hoa et al. (2011) | |||
Mekong river | 20–33 | Managaki et al. (2007) | ||
Pig farm | n.q.–227 | Managaki et al. (2007) | ||
68.2–422 | Hoa et al. (2011) | |||
Sulfamethazine | Urban drainage | 110–251 | Managaki et al. (2007) | |
Canal | 62–328 | Managaki et al. (2007) | ||
16.1–66.2 | Hoa et al. (2011) | |||
Mekong river | 15–28 | Managaki et al. (2007) | ||
Pig farm | 18512–19152 | Managaki et al. (2007) | ||
6.78–6662 | Hoa et al. (2011) | |||
Trimethoprim | Trimethoprim | Shrimp pond | 0.08–1.04 × 106 | Le and Munekage (2004) |
n.d.–85 | Hoa et al. (2011) | |||
Urban drainage | 27–46 | Managaki et al. (2007) | ||
Canal | 315–44 | Managaki et al. (2007) | ||
23–1808 | Hoa et al. (2011) | |||
Mekong river | 7–19 | Managaki et al. (2007) | ||
Pig farm | 30–84 | Managaki et al. (2007) | ||
n.d.–34.6 | Hoa et al. (2011) | |||
Macrolides | Erythromycin | Urban drainage | 29–39 | Managaki et al. (2007) |
Canal | 31–41 | Managaki et al. (2007) | ||
61.1–2246 | Hoa et al. (2011) | |||
Mekong river | 9–12 | Managaki et al. (2007) | ||
Pig farm | n.q. | Managaki et al. (2007) | ||
n.d.–63.9 | Hoa et al. (2011) | |||
Fluroquinolones | Norfloxacin | Shrimp pond | 0.06–6.06 × 106 | Le and Munekage (2004) |
Hospital wastewater | 1.5–15.2 × 103 | Duong et al. (2008) | ||
4.62–2560 | Takasu et al. (2011) | |||
Oxolinic acid | Shrimp pond | 0.01–2.5 × 106 | Le and Munekage (2004) | |
Ciprofloxacin | Hospital wastewater | 1.2–10.9 × 103 | Duong et al. (2008) | |
328 | Takasu et al. (2011) | |||
Ofloxacin | Canal | 185–782 | Takasu et al. (2011) |
n.q., not quantifiable due to overlapped interfering peak.