Table II.
Comparison between macrosomic and non-macrosomic infants of diabetic mothers as regards clinical and laboratory parameters
| Parameters | Group I (n = 20) mean±SD, n (%) | Group II (n = 20) mean±SD, n (%) | Z/χ2 | Value of p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Duration of maternal DM [years] | 5.35±2.65 | 5.55±1.98 | Z = 0.271 | 0.788 | |
| Strict control of DM: | +ve | 9 (45) | 20 (100) | χ2 = 15.17 | 0.0001 |
| −ve | 11 (55) | ||||
| History of previous macrosomic baby: | +ve | 15 (79) | 6 (37.5) | χ2 = 8.23 | 0.016 |
| −ve | 4 (21) | 10 (62.5) | |||
| Sex: | Male | 13 (65) | 13 (65) | χ2 = 0.000 | 1.00 |
| Female | 7 (35) | 7 (35) | |||
| Mode of delivery: | NVD | 0 (0) | 10 (50) | χ2 = 13.33 | <0.001 |
| CS | 20 (100) | 10 (50) | |||
| Gestational age [weeks] | 37.55±0.50 | 37.40±0.60 | Z = 0.853 | 0.399 | |
| Birth weight [kg] | 4.44±0.37 | 3.46±0.44 | Z = 7.534 | < 0.001 | |
| Supine length [cm] | 56.20±2.03 | 51.15±5.03 | Z = 4.161 | < 0.001 | |
| Ponderal index [kg/cm3] | 2.28±0.07 | 2.27±0.03 | Z = 0.809 | 0.149 | |
| Triceps skinfold thickness [mm] | 2.66±0.38 | 1.98±0.33 | Z = 6.135 | < 0.001 | |
| Biceps skinfold thickness [mm] | 2.00±0.34 | 1.48±0.46 | Z = 4.098 | < 0.001 | |
| Suprailiac skinfold thickness [mm] | 1.59±0.32 | 1.31±0.50 | Z = 3.510 | 0.001 | |
| Subscapular skinfold thickness [mm] | 1.65±0.41 | 1.20±0.59 | Z = 2.809 | 0.008 | |
| Maternal HbA1c [%] | 8.30±0.55 | 6.98±0.38 | Z = 8.892 | 0.001 | |
| Blood glucose [mg/dl] | 50.45±9.05 | 54.20±10.17 | Z = 1.232 | 0.226 | |
| Serum insulin [µU/l] | 38.55±46.13 | 25.17±15.23 | Z = 1.231 | 0.226 | |
| Serum resistin [ng/ml] | 12.60±5.73 | 12.78±8.42 | Z = 0.077 | 0.939 | |
| Adiponectin [µg/ml] | 9.75±3.22 | 10.29±2.99 | Z = 0.549 | 0.586 | |
DM – diabetes mellitus, BMI – body mass index, NVD – normal vaginal delivery, CS – caesarean section, Z – Mann-Whitney U, χ2 – chi square test, +ve control of DM – optimal or suboptimal, –ve control of DM – poor