Figure 4.

Effects of varying environmental periodicities and mutation rate μ on equilibrium frequencies at the M/m gene. (a) We vary the period of the environmental change (red curve, constant; brown curve, 1; light green curve, 5; dark green curve, 20; blue curve, 50; purple curve, 100; pink curve, 500). The parameters are α = (−4), β = 4, μ = 10⁻⁴, σ₁ = 1, σ₂ = 2. (b) We vary the mutation rate μ at the three loci and present results for four different mutation rates: 10⁻² (red), 10⁻⁴ (green), 10⁻⁸ (blue), 10⁻¹² (purple). The other parameters are α = (−4), β = 4, μ = 10⁻⁴, σ₁ = 1, σ₂ = 10 and the environment changes every five generations. Each point represents the average across 100 different runs of the simulation. The plotted curves represent a fit to the data using a generalized additive model with penalized cubic regression splines.