Table 1.
Sensitivities and specificities of Panbio IgM ELISA for the diagnosis of leptospirosis*
| Cutoff value | Sample timing | Positive (+) or negative (−) result | Gold standard result† | % (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| + | − | Sensitivity | Specificity | |||
| ≥ 11 Panbio units | On admission‡ | + | 56 | 36 | 52.3 (42.5–62.1) | 66.4 (56.6–75.2) |
| − | 51 | 71 | ||||
| Paired sera | + | 99 | 49 | 90.8 (83.8–95.5) | 55.1 (45.2–64.6) | |
| − | 10 | 60 | ||||
| ≥ 20 Panbio units | On admission‡ | + | 33 | 10 | 30.8 (22.2–40.5) | 90.7 (83.5–95.4) |
| − | 74 | 97 | ||||
| Paired sera | + | 83 | 19 | 76.1 (67.0–83.8) | 82.6 (74.1–89.2) | |
| − | 26 | 90 | ||||
*
IgM ELISA = immunoglobulin M enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; CI = confidence interval.
†
Positive gold standard result was isolation of pathogenic Leptospira spp., and/or a 4-fold or greater rise or a single serum MAT titer of ≥ 1:400.
‡
Sera on admission of two leptospirosis cases and two controls were not available to test by the IgM ELISA.