Table 4.
Baseline characteristics of participants according to outcome
| No retinopathy (n=36 841)* | Any retinopathy (n=12 922) | P | Referable retinopathy (n=348) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years)† | 64.2 (11.3) | 64.9 (11.3) | 0.002 | 62.9 (11.3) | 0.005 |
| Known duration of diabetes mellitus (years)† | 3.9 (4.2) | 5.1 (4.9) | <0.001 | 5.6 (5.4) | <0.001 |
| Age at diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (years)† | 60.3 (11.3) | 59.8 (11.5) | <0.001 | 57.3 (11.8) | <0.001 |
| Sex‡ | |||||
| Male | 20 346 (55.5) | 7183 (55.9) | 0.232 | 195 (56.2) | 0.786 |
| Female | 16 316 (44.5) | 5659 (44.1) | 152 (43.8) | ||
| Treatment for diabetes mellitus‡ | |||||
| Diet | 13 918 (38.5) | 3318 (26.0) | <0.001 | 72 (20.7) | <0.001 |
| Oral hypoglycaemic agents | 20 723 (57.3) | 8326 (64.4) | 234 (67.2) | ||
| Insulin | 1555 (4.3) | 1114 (8.6) | 42 (12.1) | ||
*Reference group. †Mean (standard deviation). ‡Number (%).