Table 1.
Blood amino acid concentrations, blood glucose, and plasma insulin concentrations in the fasted-state and after ingestion of 20 g of whey protein isolate during trial 1 and trial 2
| After drink | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fasted | 0 h | 0.5 h | 1.0 h | 1.5 h | 2.0 h | 3.0 h | |
| Trial 1: | |||||||
| Σ EAA (μmol l−1) | 554 ± 34 | 494 ± 44 | 1063 ± 66* | 1071 ± 95* | 689 ± 59 | 611 ± 42 | 503 ± 45 |
| Leucine (μmol l−1) | 89 ± 5 | 79 ± 7 | 233 ± 15* | 249 ± 23* | 145 ± 13* | 119 ± 8 | 103 ± 10 |
| Insulin (μU ml−1) | 4.4 ± 0.9 | 4.3 ± 0.7 | 18.9 ± 0.9* | 20.9 ± 3.6* | 6.6 ± 1.3 | 4.4 ± 1.3 | 4.03 ± 0.7 |
| Glucose (mm) | 5.0 ± 0.2 | 5.4 ± 0.3 | 5.1 ± 0.1 | 5.3 ± 0.1 | 5.2 ± 0.3 | 5.4 ± 0.1 | 4.9 ± 0.2 |
| Trial 2: | |||||||
| Σ EAA (μmol l−1) | 608 ± 26 | 562 ± 45 | 870 ± 49 | 1197 ± 159* | 970 ± 110* | 821 ± 128 | 726 ± 199 |
| Leucine (μmol l−1) | 99 ± 4 | 90 ± 7 | 190 ± 11* | 221 ± 24* | 163 ± 16* | 125 ± 19 | 102 ± 17 |
| Insulin (μU ml−1) | 4.1 ± 0.6 | 4.2 ± 1.0 | 12.2 ± 2.2* | 19.2 ± 1.3* | 6.1 ± 0.6 | 3.4 ± 0.2 | 3.7 ± 0.5 |
| Glucose (mm) | 5.3 ± 0.1 | — | 5.3 ± 0.2 | 5.1 ± 0.2 | 4.9 ± 0.2 | 4.9 ± 0.2 | 5.0 ± 0.2 |
Values are means ± S.E.M. (n = 8). Drink composed of 20 g of whey protein isolate. EAA are sum of His, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met, Phe, Thr, Val (note: neither Trp nor Cys was measured).
*
Significantly different from Fast, P < 0.05.