Table 2.
Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) detected for 17 polyphenolic compounds in the 'Royal Gala' (RG) and 'Braeburn' (BB) parental genetic maps using a) MQM analysis and b) Kruskal-Wallis test.
| Table 2a | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Compound | Tissue | Year | Parent | Linkage group | LOD score | % variation | Marker with highest LOD | |
| Chlorogenic acid | Cortex | 2008 | BB | 13 | 4.00 | ** | 20.1 | GDsnp00101 |
| Cortex | 2008 | BB | 17 | 3.67 | * | 13.2 | GDsnp00058 | |
| Cortex | 2008 | RG | 17 | 8.30 | *** | 30.5 | GDsnp01525 | |
| Skin | 2008 | RG | 17 | 13.98 | *** | 46.5 | GDsnp01525 | |
| Skin | 2010 | RG | 17 | 3.81 | ** | 10.1 | GDsnp00178 | |
| Cortex | 2010 | RG | 17 | 6.25 | *** | 16.3 | GDsnp01525 | |
| Skin | 2010 | RG | 17 | 11.47 | *** | 27.8 | GDsnp01525 | |
| p-coumaroyl quinic acid | Cortex | 2008 | RG | 1 | 4.44 | *** | 42.4 | GDsnp02580 |
| Skin | 2010 | RG | 1 | 5.57 | ** | 54.8 | GDsnp01678 | |
| Skin | 2008 | BB | 6 | 3.53 | * | 12.5 | GDsnp00197 | |
| Cortex | 2008 | BB | 14 | 4.82 | ** | 16.2 | GDsnp01733 | |
| Skin | 2008 | BB | 14 | 4.87 | ** | 17.0 | GDsnp01733 | |
| Cortex | 2008 | RG | 14 | 4.54 | *** | 7.1 | GDsnp01727 | |
| Skin | 2008 | RG | 14 | 4.97 | *** | 19.3 | GDsnp01727 | |
| Cortex | 2010 | BB | 14 | 6.78 | *** | 17.2 | GDsnp01767 | |
| Cortex | 2010 | RG | 14 | 4.14 | ** | 10.9 | GDsnp01727 | |
| Cortex | 2008 | BB | 15 | 3.88 | * | 12.8 | GDsnp01265 | |
| Cortex | 2010 | BB | 15 | 4.65 | *** | 12.8 | GDsnp00932 | |
| Cyanidin 3-O-arabinoside | Skin | 2008 | BB | 9 | 4.60 | ** | 18.7 | GDsnp00467 |
| Skin | 2008 | RG | 9 | 6.26 | *** | 35.4 | GDsnp01107 | |
| Cyanidin 3-O-galactoside | Skin | 2008 | BB | 9 | 4.53 | ** | 18.7 | GDsnp00467 |
| Skin | 2008 | RG | 9 | 8.34 | *** | 41.8 | GDsnp01880 | |
| Skin | 2010 | BB | 9 | 8.91 | *** | 23.5 | GDsnp00452 | |
| Skin | 2010 | RG | 9 | 7.30 | *** | 34.1 | GDsnp00352 | |
| Catechin | Cortex | 2008 | BB | 16 | 6.44 | *** | 24.5 | LAR1 |
| Cortex | 2008 | RG | 16 | 5.65 | *** | 22.3 | LAR1 | |
| Cortex | 2010 | BB | 16 | 18 | *** | 41.1 | LAR1 | |
| Skin | 2010 | BB | 16 | 31.26 | *** | 59.9 | LAR1 | |
| Cortex | 2010 | RG | 16 | 17.62 | *** | 40.4 | LAR1 | |
| Skin | 2010 | RG | 16 | 30.51 | *** | 60.3 | LAR1 | |
| Epicatechin | Cortex | 2008 | BB | 16 | 18.23 | *** | 55.6 | LAR1 |
| Skin | 2008 | BB | 16 | 16.34 | *** | 51.3 | LAR1 | |
| Cortex | 2008 | RG | 16 | 15.53 | *** | 52.0 | LAR1 | |
| Skin | 2008 | RG | 16 | 14.89 | *** | 49.3 | LAR1 | |
| Cortex | 2010 | BB | 16 | 35.95 | *** | 65.7 | LAR1 | |
| Skin | 2010 | BB | 16 | 23.57 | *** | 50.1 | LAR1 | |
| Cortex | 2010 | RG | 16 | 32.24 | *** | 65.2 | LAR1 | |
| Skin | 2010 | RG | 16 | 21.65 | *** | 48.0 | LAR1 | |
| Unknown procyanidin oligomer 1 | Cortex | 2010 | BB | 16 | 31.82 | *** | 61.2 | LAR1 |
| Skin | 2010 | BB | 16 | 41.28 | *** | 71.8 | LAR1 | |
| Cortex | 2010 | RG | 16 | 30.75 | *** | 60.9 | LAR1 | |
| Skin | 2010 | RG | 16 | 41.08 | *** | 71.5 | LAR1 | |
| Unknown procyanidin oligomer 2 | Skin | 2010 | BB | 6 | 3.41 | * | 5.2 | GDsnp01996 |
| Cortex | 2010 | BB | 7 | 4.30 | *** | 14.3 | GDsnp01946 | |
| Skin | 2010 | BB | 16 | 21.35 | *** | 46.5 | LAR1 | |
| Skin | 2010 | RG | 16 | 19.13 | *** | 44.0 | LAR1 | |
| Unknown procyanidin oligomer 3 | Cortex | 2010 | BB | 7 | 3.63 | ** | 13.6 | GDsnp01946 |
| Skin | 2010 | BB | 16 | 17.15 | *** | 39.5 | LAR1 | |
| Skin | 2010 | RG | 16 | 14.97 | *** | 36.4 | LAR1 | |
| Unknown procyanidin oligomer 4 | Cortex | 2010 | BB | 7 | 3.24 | * | 5.2 | GDsnp01946 |
| Cortex | 2010 | BB | 16 | 28.38 | *** | 56.6 | LAR1 | |
| Skin | 2010 | BB | 16 | 17.33 | *** | 39.8 | LAR1 | |
| Cortex | 2010 | RG | 16 | 25.82 | *** | 55.0 | LAR1 | |
| Skin | 2010 | RG | 16 | 15.27 | *** | 37.1 | LAR1 | |
| Unknown procyanidin oligomer 5 | Cortex | 2010 | BB | 7 | 3.76 | *** | 5.0 | GDsnp01946 |
| Cortex | 2010 | BB | 14 | 3.22 | ** | 6.0 | GDsnp01639 | |
| Cortex | 2010 | BB | 16 | 28.3 | *** | 56.6 | LAR1 | |
| Skin | 2010 | BB | 16 | 17.93 | *** | 40.9 | LAR1 | |
| Cortex | 2010 | RG | 16 | 25.8 | *** | 54.8 | LAR1 | |
| Skin | 2010 | RG | 16 | 15.56 | *** | 37.6 | LAR1 | |
| Procyanidin B2 | Skin | 2008 | BB | 16 | 14.14 | *** | 46.5 | LAR1 |
| Skin | 2008 | RG | 16 | 12.84 | *** | 44.5 | LAR1 | |
| Skin | 2010 | BB | 16 | 16.6 | *** | 39.6 | LAR1 | |
| Skin | 2010 | RG | 16 | 15.59 | *** | 37.6 | LAR1 | |
| Quercetin 3-O-arabinofuranoside | Skin | 2008 | RG | 9 | 3.98 | *** | 20.6 | GDsnp00045 |
| Quercetin 3-O-glucoside | Skin | 2010 | RG | 1 | 3.14 | * | 39.9 | GDsnp01678 |
| Skin | 2010 | RG | 14 | 3.03 | * | 26.4 | GDsnp01522 | |
| Quercetin 3-O-rutinoside | Skin | 2008 | RG | 17 | 3.24 | *** | 12.8 | GDsnp00178 |
| Skin | 2010 | RG | 17 | 3.17 | ** | 8.4 | GDsnp01842 | |
| Quercetin 3-O-xyloside | Skin | 2008 | RG | 17 | 3.73 | *** | 14.7 | GDsnp02075 |
| Phloridzin-xyloside | Skin | 2010 | RG | 17 | 3.89 | ** | 10.3 | GDsnp00262 |
| Table 2b | ||||||||
| Compound | Tissue | Year | Parent | Linkage group | Marker | K | ||
| Procyanidin B2 | Cortex | 2008 | BB+RG | 16 | LAR1 | 43.2 | ||
| Cortex | 2010 | BB+RG | 16 | LAR1 | 61.9 | |||
| Unknown procyanidin oligomer 2 | Cortex | 2010 | BB+RG | 16 | LAR1 | 95.3 | ||
| Unknown procyanidin oligomer 3 | Cortex | 2010 | BB+RG | 16 | LAR1 | 83.2 | ||
Significance of the QTL at the genome-wide level was tested using 1,000 permutations: *: 90%, **: 95% and ***: 99%.