Cell attachment 24 h after seeding as a function of substrate compliance. Significantly fewer HUVECs (A) attached to the 75 kPa surfaces compared to the 25 kPa, 50 kPa, and TCP surfaces. Similarly, fewer HmVECs (B) attached to the 75 kPa and 50 kPa surfaces compared to the 25 kPa surfaces. Attachment of HmVECs to the TCP surfaces was comparable to the 25 kPa surfaces. For the arterial endothelial cell population, HAEC (C), no significant differences were found in cell density. Interestingly, the TCP surfaces also had a lower cell density compared to the softer compliance surfaces. The saphenous vein endothelial cells, HSaVEC (D) had significantly fewer cells on the 75 kPa surfaces compared to the TCP surfaces and fewer cells than the 25 kPa or 50 kPa surfaces. All data are presented as mean ± SEM. ***(* = p < 0.05, ** = p < 0.01, *** = p < 0.001).