FIGURE 2.

rfr1 and ref4 rfr1 mutant plants hyperaccumulate phenylpropanoids. A, quantification of sinapoylmalate in leaves of wild-type, ref4 null, rfr1 null, ref4 rfr1 null, and ref4-3 mutant plants. B, quantification of sinapoylmalate in inflorescence stems and C, sinapoylglucose in seeds of the plants described in A. Sinapate esters were quantified by HPLC by comparing their absorbance at 330 nm to the absorbance of a sinapic acid standard of known concentration. Values shown for leaves and inflorescence stems are the mean of six biological replicates, and those shown for seeds are the mean of three technical replicates on each of three biological replicates. Error bars represent S.D. in all cases.