Two putative STAT3 binding sites and four putative ZEB1 binding sites were located between nt −520 and +70 of the E-cadherin 5′-flanking region.
White and black rhombuses indicate a wild or mutant sequence for STAT3 binding sites, respectively. White and black triangles indicate a wild type or mutant sequence for ZEB1 binding sites, respectively. WT, wild type; STAT3B MT, mutant type of each STAT3 mutation binding site; ZEB1B MT, mutant type of each ZEB1 mutation binding site; ZEB1B and STAT3B MT, mutant type of each ZEB1 and STAT3 mutation binding site. Mutation of ZEB1 binding sites or dual mutation of STAT3 and ZEB1 binding sites significantly increased the transcriptional activity of E-cadherin promoter in the luciferase assay. Mutation of STAT3 binding sites had no obvious effect on the transcriptional activity of the E-cadherin promoter. n = 3, ANOVA; *, p < 0.05, compared with pGL3-basic-E-cadherinPWT. Error bars, S.E.