Table 5.
Dietary Characteristics, Alcohol Use and Tobacco Exposure, and Physical Activity in Females
| Characteristic | OBIR Mean N=450 | OBIR 95% CI | MHO Mean N=194 | MHO 95% CI | MHNW Mean N=579 | MHNW 95% CI | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diet | |||||||
| Energy (Kcal/day) | 1929 | 1847–2010 | 1864.5 | 1757.9–1971.1 | 1999.2 | 1916.1–2082.2 | 0.08 |
| Protein (gm/day) | 72.8 | 68.8–76.9 | 66.9 | 61.5–72.3 | 71.9 | 68.6–75.3 | 0.16 |
| Total Carbohydrates (gm/day) | 238.7 | 228.0–249.4 | 233.8 | 218.8–248.9 | 246.8 | 235.7–257.9 | 0.18 |
| Total Fats (gm/day) | 76 | 71..6–80.4 | 73.8 | 68.2–79.4 | 775.8 | 71.8–79.9 | 0.59 |
| Saturated (gm/day) | 25.1 | 23.6–26.6 | 24.1 | 22.2–26.0 | 24.8 | 23.1–26.4 | 0.62 |
| Monounsaturated (gm/day) | 28.5 | 26.8–30.1 | 27.7 | 25.7–29.8 | 28.0 | 26.3–29.6 | 0.87 |
| Polyunsaturated (gm/day) | 15.8 | 14.5–17.2 | 15.7 | 13.7–17.6 | 16.3 | 15.3–17.3 | 0.57 |
| Cholesterol (mg/day) | 273 | 248.1–297.9 | 240.8 | 203.7–277.8 | 244.8 | 222.4–267.2 | 0.85 |
| Fiber (gm/day) | 13.4 | 12.3–14.4 | 12.7 | 11.5–13.9 | 14.7 | 13.9–15.5 | 0.0009 |
| Tobacco Exposure | |||||||
| Cotinine level (ng/mL) | 31.4 | 22.7–40.2 | 44.0 | 26.1–61.9 | 51.4 | 39.5–63.2 | 0.53 |
| Alcohol Consumption | |||||||
| Average number of drinks/day past 30 days | 2.3 | 1.9–2.3 | 2.5 | 2.1–3.0 | 2.0 | 1.9–2.1 | 0.02 |
| Physical Activity | |||||||
| Number of times physically active past 30 days | 21.8 | 18.2–25.5 | 21.6 | 16.4–26.7 | 30.6 | 27.4–33.8 | 0.002 |
| Average duration of physical activity (minutes per activity) | 98.2 | 80.2–116.3 | 115.1 | 77.7–152.5 | 150.1 | 133.7–166.5 | 0.06 |
| Effort (MET score per activity) | 10.4 | 9.0–11.8 | 10.7 | 8.9–12.5 | 15.6 | 13.9–17.4 | 0.003 |
MET= Metabolic Equivalent Task; HOMA=Homeostatic Model Assessment; IRO= obese subjects with HOMA in upper tertile for the NHANES cohort; MHO= metabolically healthy obese (see text); MHNW= metabolically healthy normal weight subjects (see text)
*
P values for the univariate comparisons of MHO and MHNW groups