. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Jan 1.

Published in final edited form as: Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2012 Jan;5(1):18–23. doi: 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-11-0542

Table 1.

HPV-related disease and roles for screening and vaccination in the developing versus industrialized world

		Existing intervention		Potential for impact
	Disease burden^a	Screening	HPV vaccine	Screening	HPV vaccine

Developing world
Cervical	High	Limited	Limited	High	High^b
Non-cervical^c
Oropharyngeal	Low	None	Limited^g	None	Low^d
Other	Low	None	Limited	None	Low^d
Non-cervical (male)
Oropharyngeal	Low	None	Limited^g	None	Low^d
Other	Low	None	Limited	None	Low^d
Industrialized world
Cervical	High	Extensive	Extensive^e	High	High
Non-cervical^c
Oropharyngeal	High	None	Extensive^g	None^f	High^g
Other	Moderate	Limited	Extensive	Unknown^h	Moderateⁱ
Non-cervical (male)
Oropharyngeal	High	None	Limited^f,g	None^f	High^g
Other	Moderate	Limited	Limited^f	Unknown^h	Moderateⁱ

Disease burden relative to cervical cancer in developing world and in industrialized world. The incidence of cervical cancer is substantially higher in developing world.

Currently being developed by the GAVI Alliance and other potential donors.

Includes males and females.

Although the vaccine may be effective against these diseases, their currently low prevalence would limit the potential population-wide impact.

The extent of vaccine uptake in the U.S. lags behind other industrialized countries. It was therefore recommended for males by the U.S. CDC Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices in October 2011. For countries with high HPV vaccine uptake among females, herd immunity from female vaccination should protect most males from HPV-associated disease.

No established screening for oropharyngeal HPV or its related neoplasia is currently available.

Although the vaccine should be highly effective against the HPV types associated with this disease, there are no vaccine data on oral/oropharyngeal infection or disease.

No established screening for anal cancer, but is under consideration for high-risk populations.

ⁱ

Although the vaccine should be highly effective against the HPV types associated with these diseases, the “moderate” designation refers to the relative population-wide impact of reducing the relevant diseases.