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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Feb 23.

Published in final edited form as: Cell Stem Cell. 2009 Nov 6;5(5):540–553. doi: 10.1016/j.stem.2009.09.013

Fig. 1 — Increased brain size and cycling of NSC in FoxO null mice and their derived culture. (A) Representative photograph of brains from 20 week old FoxO WT (left) and null (right) mice. (B) The number of glia and neorons was estimated by counting S100 or NeuN-positive cells in the cerebral cortex of 10 day old FoxO WT (■) and null () pups. There are more S100 or NeuN-positive cells in FoxO null brain compared with the control (*, p<0.1). ** indicates the region where S100+ and NeuN+ cells were scored. hGFAP-cre mice were crossed with ROSA26R mice, where Cre-mediated recombination drives the constitutive expression of the ß-galactosidase. X-gal staining positice cells are shown in blue. (C) Increase in cell cycle re-entry of FoxO null SVZ cells. Young mice (P8) were single-pulse labeled with BrdU 24hrs prior to the sacrifice and brain sections were stained for BrdU (red), Ki67 (green), and Sox2 (cyan). The fraction of Sox2 positive cells re-entered cell cycle (open arrow, BrdU+/Ki67+/Sox2+ triple positive) increased in FoxO null SVZ and that of no longer dividing (filled arrow, BrdU+/Ki67-/Sox2+) is higher in WT SVZ. Percent mean ±s.d. of Ki67+ cells from BrdU+/Sox2+ cells from 10 WT and 6 FoxO null mice is shown ( *, p<0.001 by two tail t-test). Bar=40μm (D) Ki67 positive NSC of FoxO WT and null cultures (n=5, P2). Bar=20μm.

Inline graphic — Increased brain size and cycling of NSC in FoxO null mice and their derived culture. (A) Representative photograph of brains from 20 week old FoxO WT (left) and null (right) mice. (B) The number of glia and neorons was estimated by counting S100 or NeuN-positive cells in the cerebral cortex of 10 day old FoxO WT (■) and null () pups. There are more S100 or NeuN-positive cells in FoxO null brain compared with the control (*, p<0.1). ** indicates the region where S100+ and NeuN+ cells were scored. hGFAP-cre mice were crossed with ROSA26R mice, where Cre-mediated recombination drives the constitutive expression of the ß-galactosidase. X-gal staining positice cells are shown in blue. (C) Increase in cell cycle re-entry of FoxO null SVZ cells. Young mice (P8) were single-pulse labeled with BrdU 24hrs prior to the sacrifice and brain sections were stained for BrdU (red), Ki67 (green), and Sox2 (cyan). The fraction of Sox2 positive cells re-entered cell cycle (open arrow, BrdU+/Ki67+/Sox2+ triple positive) increased in FoxO null SVZ and that of no longer dividing (filled arrow, BrdU+/Ki67-/Sox2+) is higher in WT SVZ. Percent mean ±s.d. of Ki67+ cells from BrdU+/Sox2+ cells from 10 WT and 6 FoxO null mice is shown ( *, p<0.001 by two tail t-test). Bar=40μm (D) Ki67 positive NSC of FoxO WT and null cultures (n=5, P2). Bar=20μm.