Population activity characterized by the divisive normalization model. Normalized population LIP responses as a function of 1/(Vin + Vout) are shown. Filled circles represent mean ± SEM LIP activity in the 0–1000 ms after peripheral target onset; open symbols represent the different conditions as described in the legend and used in Figure 5. Black lines, The best-fit full divisive normalization model to the MED-RF condition population data; gray lines, the best-fit full divisive normalization model to neuronal data across all conditions. Fit parameters for the MED-RF condition data alone are as follows: Rmax = 3.86, σ = 1541 μl, β = 87.6 μl; fit parameters for all Vin value conditions together are as follows: Rmax = 2.96, σ = 1161 μl, β = 92.6 μl.