Table 3.

Adjusted Odds of Reporting High Hopelessness by Quartiles of Neighborhood Census Tract Characteristics (n=3074)^**

Neighborhood Characteristic	Quartile	Quartile Range, 2000^%	Sum 1980, 1990, 2000^{^}	2000
Poverty Rate	1^st	0.01, 0.10	Ref.	Ref.
	2^nd	0.11, 0.18	0.89 (0.60, 1.30)	1.04 (0.70, 1.55)
	3^rd	0.19, 0.30	0.83 (0.54, 1.26)	0.93 (0.60, 1.45)
	4^th	0.31, 0.84	1.46 (0.92, 2.33)	1.54 (0.95, 2.50)

Unemployment Rate	1^st	0.01, 0.05	Ref.	Ref.
	2^nd	0.06, 0.10	1.34 (0.87, 2.07)	1.60 (1.06, 2.41)^*
	3^rd	0.11, 0.17	1.42 (0.85, 2.37)	1.43 (0.88, 2.32)
	4^th	0.18, 0.49	2.25 (1.27, 3.98)^*	1.99 (1.15, 3.46)^*

Proportion Hispanic	1^st	0.00, 0.01	Ref.	Ref.
	2^nd	0.02, 0.11	0.75 (0.45, 1.25)	0.86 (0.52, 1.41)
	3^rd	0.12, 0.42	0.85 (0.51, 1.43)	0.72 (0.42, 1.24)
	4^th	0.43, 0.97	0.97 (0.57, 1.65)	1.27 (0.75, 2.15)

Proportion NH Black	1^st	0.00, 0.02	Ref.	Ref.
	2^nd	0.03, 0.21	0.74 (0.50, 1.10)	0.79 (0.53, 1.16)
	3^rd	0.22, 0.96	0.76 (0.47, 1.22)	0.81 (0.49, 1.34)
	4^th	0.97, 1.00	0.92 (0.50, 1.69)	1.05 (0.57, 1.96)

Proportion NH White	1^st	0.00, 0.01	Ref.	Ref.
	2^nd	0.02, 0.14	1.24 (0.78, 1.98)	1.18 (0.74, 1.90)
	3^rd	0.15, 0.50	0.75 (0.45, 1.27)	0.94 (0.55, 1.59)
	4^th	0.51, 0.94	0.93 (0.51, 1.71)	0.76 (0.40, 1.41)

Proportion Foreign-Born	1^st	0.00, 0.01	Ref.	Ref.
	2^nd	0.02, 0.15	1.00 (0.62, 1.59)	0.89 (0.56, 1.43)
	3^rd	0.16, 0.33	0.83 (0.49, 1.41)	1.14 (0.67, 1.97)
	4^th	0.34, 0.72	1.06 (0.62, 1.81)	1.09 (0.64, 1.85)

Proportion HS Dropouts	1^st	0, 0.07	Ref.	Ref.
	2^nd	0.08, 0.13	1.47 (0.95, 2.28)	1.55 (0.95, 2.52)
	3^rd	0.14, 0.20	1.38 (0.90, 2.11)	1.38 (0.87, 2.19)
	4^th	0.21, 0.51	1.50 (0.93, 2.43)	1.52 (0.93, 2.49)

Neighborhood Summary Score^#	1^st	n/a	n/a	Ref.
	2^nd	n/a	n/a	1.25 (0.83, 1.88)
	3^rd	n/a	n/a	1.39 (0.92, 2.10)
	4^th	n/a	n/a	1.90 (1.20, 3.02)^*

^{^}

Sum of z-scores of 1980, 1990, and 2000

p <= 0.05

^**

All models adjusted for individual level variables (marital status, age, education, income, race/ethnicity, gender)

Neighborhood summary score included poverty rate, unemployment rate, percent high school dropouts, perceived disorder and physical disorder

For Quartile Range, n=343 neighborhood clusters