Table 1. PCR primers and conditions used.

Symbiont name	Gene amplified	Primer name	Sequence (5′-3′)	Annealing temperature	Product size (kb)	References
Portiera	16S Rdna	28F	TGCAAGTCGAGCGGCATCAT	58°C	∼1	[25]
		1098R	AAAGTTCCCGCCTTATGC GT
Rickettsia	16S rDNA	Rb-F	GCTCAGAACGAACGCTATC	60°C	∼0.9	[28]
		Rb-R	GAAGGAAAGCATCTCTGC
Hamiltonella	16S rDNA	Ham-F	TGAGTAAAGTCTGGAATCTGG	58°C	∼0.7	[25]
		Ham-R	AGTTCAAGACCGCAACCTC
Cardinium	16S rDNA	CFB-F	GCGGTGTAAAATGAGCGTG	57°C	∼0.4	[27]
		CFB-R	ACCTMTTCTTAACTCAAGCCT
Wolbachia	Wsp	wsp-81F	TGGTCCAATAAGTGATGAAGAAAC	55°C	∼0.6	[51]
		wsp-691R	AAAAATTAAACGCTACTCCA
Fritschea	23S rDNA	U23F	GATGCCTTGGCATTGATAGGCGATGAAGGA	60°C	∼0.6	[29]
		23SIGR	TGGCTCATCATGCAAAAGGCA
Arsenophonus	23S rDNA	Ars23S-1	CGTTTGATGAATTCATAGTCAAA	58°C	∼0.6	[26]
		Ars23S-2	GGTCCTCCAGTTAGTGTTACCCAAC