Table 4.

Estimated effects of multigenerational exposure to neighborhood poverty on children's cognitive ability

	Neighborhood poverty: >=20% poor
	Broad reading score			Applied problems score
	Unadjusted estimates	Regression adjusted	Marginal struct. model	Unadjusted estimates	Regression adjusted	Marginal struct. model
Parent neighborhood	−8.83***	−2.85**	−5.07**	−9.68***	−2.40**	−5.97***
poverty only, β1	(1.16)	(1.21)	(2.38)	(0.97)	(1.12)	(1.85)
Child neighborhood	−5.98***	−1.73	−4.20**	−5.66***	−0.84	−2.39
poverty only, β2	(1.23)	(1.10)	(2.00)	(1.00)	(1.02)	(1.79)
Multigenerational	-	-	−9.27***	-	-	−8.36***
exposure, β1+β2	-	-	(1.68)	-	-	(1.69)

Notes:

^***significant at p<.01;

^**significant at p<.05;

^*significant at p<.10

Standard errors account for clustering at the family level.