Table 5.

IPT weighted estimates for multigenerational exposure to different levels of neighborhood poverty on children's cognitive ability, by race

	≥10% Poor		≥20% Poor		≥40% Poor
	Broad Reading	Applied Problems	Broad Reading	Applied Problems	Broad Reading	Applied Problems
African-Americans
Parent Neighborhood Poverty, β1	-	-	−5.96***	−4 74***	−5.13*	−2.91
	-	-	(2.07)	(1.69)	(2.87)	(2.00)
Child Neighborhood Poverty, β2	-	-	−0.30	−1.09	−7.99*	−5.68*
	-	-	(1.87)	(1.45)	(4.30)	(2.97)
Multigenerational exposure, β1+β2	-	-	−6.26***	−5.84***	−13.11***	−8.59***
	-	-	(2.10)	(1.59)	(4.48)	(2.58)
Whites
Parent Neighborhood Poverty, β1	−2.12	−3.62*	6.76**	1.52	-	-
	(2.24)	(1.85)	(3.27)	(3.89)	-	-
Child Neighborhood Poverty, β2	−2.98	−0.98	−8.07*	0.18	-	-
	(2.04)	(1.59)	(4.37)	(3.01)	-	-
Multigenerational exposure, β1+β2	−5.13	−4.60**	−1.31	1.70	-	-
	(3.13)	(2.15)	(4.31)	(3.84)	-	-

Notes:

^***significant at p<.01

^**significant at p<.05;

^*significant at p<. 10

Estimated causal effects from IPT weighted marginal structural models, standard errors in parentheses. Standard errors account for clustering at the family level.