Fig. 8.

FOXO1 and CCL20 are increased in the liver of db/db mice. C57BL/6 obese and diabetic db/db mice (n = 5; 30 wk of age) and two control groups [db/+ littermates (n = 3) and wild-type C57BL/6 mice (n = 3)], were fed a standard chow diet. The mice were fasted overnight and then killed for analyses of the following parameters: body weight (A), serum glucose (B), serum insulin (C), and serum TNF-α (D). E, Western blots of hepatic total FOXO1 protein. F, Hematoxylin and eosin staining of liver sections showing lipid vacuoles and a focal inflammation. The black arrows point to lymphocytes. Scale bar, 100 μm. G, Relative hepatic mRNA levels of macrophage marker F4/80 and lymphocyte marker CD3 measured by quantitative real-time PCR (n = 5). H, Hepatic content of CCL20 protein determined by ELISA. *, P < 0.05; and **, P < 0.001 vs. one of controls.