Table 1.
Demographic, behavioral, and psychological associations with selling drugs
| Non-drug sellers
|
Sold drugs
|
Unadjusted OR
|
Adjusted ORa
|
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | 95% CI | % | 95% CI | % | 95% CI | % | 95% CI | |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Male | 96.04 | (95.50–96.52) | 3.96 | (3.48–4.50) | 2.07 | (1.59–2.69) | 2.23 | (1.72–2.89)b |
| Female | 98.05 | (97.57–98.44) | 1.95 | (1.56–2.43) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||||
| African-American | 96.43 | (95.32–97.29) | 3.57 | (2.71–4.68) | 1.19 | (0.87–1.64) | 1.36 | (0.98–1.89) |
| Hispanic | 97.52 | (96.66–98.16) | 2.48 | (1.84–3.34) | 0.82 | (0.59–1.15) | 0.89 | (0.61–1.29) |
| Other | 97.20 | (95.06–98.43) | 2.80 | (1.57–4.94) | 0.93 | (0.51–1.71) | 1.01 | (0.54–1.90) |
| White | 97.00 | (96.56–97.38) | 3.00 | (2.62–3.44) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| In school versus not in school | ||||||||
| Yes | 97.76 | (96.44–98.60) | 2.24 | (1.40–3.56) | 0.73 | (0.45–1.19) | 0.68 | (0.38–1.20) |
| No | 96.96 | (96.59–97.29) | 3.04 | (2.71–3.41) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Father not in home | ||||||||
| Yes | 96.13 | (95.34–96.78) | 3.87 | (3.22–4.66) | 1.47 | (1.16–1.87) | 1.49 | (1.15–1.92)b |
| No | 97.34 | (96.94–97.69) | 2.66 | (2.31–3.06) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Ever incarcerated | ||||||||
| Yes | 87.00 | (84.27–89.32) | 13.00 | (86.77–91.58) | 6.26 | (4.82–8.14) | 5.61 | (4.22–7.45)b |
| No | 97.67 | (97.33–97.97) | 2.33 | (97.02–97.67) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Carried a handgun | ||||||||
| Yes | 71.59 | (66.18–76.44) | 28.41 | (23.56–33.82) | 17.90 | (13.44–23.85) | 16.11 | (11.85–21.90)b |
| No | 97.83 | (97.53–98.10) | 2.17 | (1.90–2.47) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Stole >US$50 | ||||||||
| Yes | 73.17 | (68.86–77.08) | 26.83 | (22.92–31.14) | 20.00 | (15.44–25.90) | 17.40 | (13.13–23.06)b |
| No | 98.20 | (97.91–98.45) | 1.80 | (1.55–2.09) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Attacked with intent to harm | ||||||||
| Yes | 84.17 | (81.23–86.73) | 15.83 | (13.27–18.77) | 9.28 | (7.21–11.93) | 8.24 | (6.22–10.92)b |
| No | 98.01 | (97.71–98.28) | 1.99 | (1.72–2.29) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Argued/fought with one parent | ||||||||
| Yes | 94.54 | (93.52–95.41) | 5.46 | (4.59–6.48) | 2.51 | (1.98–3.18) | 2.81 | (2.18–3.62)b |
| No | 97.75 | (97.40–98.06) | 2.25 | (1.94–2.60) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Serious fight at school/work | ||||||||
| Yes | 92.62 | (91.42–93.67) | 7.38 | (6.33–8.58) | 4.36 | (3.45–5.52) | 4.11 | (3.18–5.30)b |
| No | 98.21 | (97.89–98.48) | 1.79 | (1.52–2.11) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Lifetime ecstasy use | ||||||||
| Yes | 68.38 | (61.78–74.31) | 31.62 | (25.69–38.22) | 19.17 | (13.93–26.39) | 20.32 | (14.05–29.39)b |
| No | 97.65 | (97.32–97.93) | 2.35 | (2.07–2.68) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Lifetime hallucinogen use | ||||||||
| Yes | 62.32 | (56.29–68.00) | 37.68 | (32.00–43.71) | 26.99 | (20.26–35.97) | 26.96 | (19.44–37.40)b |
| No | 97.81 | (97.49–98.09) | 2.19 | (1.91–2.51) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Lifetime cocaine or crack use | ||||||||
| Yes | 58.33 | (51.16–65.17) | 41.67 | (34.83–48.84) | 30.53 | (22.17–42.04) | 31.99 | (22.21–46.07)b |
| No | 97.71 | (97.39–98.00) | 2.29 | (2.00–2.61) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Lifetime marijuana | ||||||||
| Yes | 83.62 | (81.74–85.34) | 16.38 | (14.66–18.26) | 55.41 | (37.30–82.32) | 57.05 | (37.41–87.00)b |
| No | 99.65 | (99.49–99.76) | 0.35 | (0.24–0.51) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Age of first use of marijuana | ||||||||
| <14 years | 79.91 | (77.25–82.32) | 20.09 | (17.68–22.75) | 2.11 | (1.58–2.81) | 2.16 | (1.62–2.90)b |
| 15–17 years | 89.34 | (86.82–91.42) | 10.66 | (8.58–13.18) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Lifetime heroin use | ||||||||
| Yes | 55.47 | (35.09–74.16) | 44.53 | (25.84–64.91) | 27.18 | (11.70–63.13) | 19.38 | (8.39–44.24)b |
| No | 97.13 | (96.78–97.44) | 2.87 | (2.56–3.22) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Lifetime depression | ||||||||
| Yes | 91.37 | (88.02–93.85) | 8.63 | (6.15–11.98) | 3.46 | (2.35–5.09) | 3.67 | (2.45–5.49)b |
| No | 97.34 | (96.99–97.65) | 2.66 | (2.35–3.01) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Lifetime anxiety | ||||||||
| Yes | 92.49 | (87.52–95.58) | 7.51 | (4.42–12.48) | 2.80 | (01.58–4.99) | 1.60 | (0.87–2.95) |
| No | 97.19 | (96.83–97.50) | 2.81 | (2.50–3.17) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Get a kick out of doing dangerous things | ||||||||
| Sometimes/always | 94.11 | (93.31–94.81) | 5.89 | (5.19–6.69) | 10.97 | (7.58–15.88) | 11.26 | (7.57–16.75)b |
| Seldom | 98.01 | (97.38–98.50) | 1.99 | (1.50–2.62) | 3.55 | (2.27–5.55) | 3.80 | (2.37–6.08)b |
| Never | 99.43 | (99.20–99.60) | 0.57 | (0.40–0.80) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Like to do risky things | ||||||||
| Sometimes/always | 94.10 | (93.26–94.85) | 5.90 | (5.15–6.74) | 8.90 | (6.29–12.59) | 7.88 | (5.48–11.35)b |
| Seldom | 97.56 | (96.91–98.08) | 2.44 | (1.92–3.09) | 3.55 | (2.38–5.29) | 3.50 | (2.29–5.34)b |
| Never | 99.30 | (99.04–99.49) | 0.70 | (0.51–0.96) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Notes:
a
Adjusted for age, sex, race, family income, lifetime depression, lifetime anxiety;
b
statistically significant.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.