Table 1.
Virus Family | Vertebrate Reservoir |
Primary Vector | Distribution | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Flaviviridae | ||||
Japanese encephalitis virus | Birds, Pigs | Culex tritaeniorrhynchus | SE Asia, Pacific Rim | (van den Hurk et al. 2009) |
Murray Valley encephalitis virus | Birds | Culex annulirostris | Australia | (Broom et al. 2002) |
St. Louis encephalitis virus | Birds | Culex species | Americas | (Day 2001) |
West Nile Virus | Birds | Culex species, Aedes albopictus | North America, Africa, Europe, Asia, Australia | (Kramer et al. 2007) |
Bunyaviridae | ||||
California encephalitis virus | Rodents, rabbits | Aedes melanimon | North America | (Griot et al. 1993) |
La Crosse virus | Chipmunks, squirrels | Ochleratus triseriatus and A. albopictus | North America | (Borucki et al. 2002) |
Rift Valley fever virus | Sheep, cattle | Aedes and Culex species | Africa | (Bird et al. 2009) |
Toscana virus | Bats, humans | Phlebotomine flies | Europe | (Dionisio et al. 2003) |
Alphaviridae | ||||
Chikungunya virus | Primates, humans | Aedes aegypti | Africa, India, SE Asia | (Cavrini et al. 2009) |
Eastern equine encephalitis virus | Birds | C. melanura, Psorophora, Ochlerotatus, and Aedes species | Americas | (Zacks and Paessler 2010) |
Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus | Rodents, horses | A. aegypti | Americas | (Zacks and Paessler 2010) |
Western equine encephalitis virus | Birds, mammals | Culex tarsalis | North America | (Zacks and Paessler 2010) |