Table 3.
Patient attitudes towards opt-in and opt-out HIV screening, n = 395.
| Domain | Question | Screening phase | Agree | Disagree | OR | Adjusted ORa | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % (95% CI) | n | % (95% CI) | (95% CI) | (95% CI) | |||
| Satisfaction | I would recommend the ER to others as a good place to get tested for HIV | Opt-in | 197/207 | 95.2 (92.3–98.1) | 7/207 | 3.4 (0.9–5.8) | — | — |
| Opt-out | 183/188 | 97.3 (95.0–99.6) | 0/188 | 0 | — | — | ||
| I was satisfied with the HIV testing that I received today | Opt-in | 200/207 | 96.6 (94.2–99.1) | 6/207 | 2.9 (0.6–5.2) | ref | ref | |
| Opt-out | 180/188 | 95.7 (92.9–98.6) | 4/188 | 2.1 (0.1–4.2) | 1.4 (0.4–4.9) | 2.0 (0.5–8.1) | ||
|
| ||||||||
| Coercion | I felt pressured into getting an HIV test | Opt-in | 18/207 | 8.7 (4.9–12.5) | 181/207 | 87.4 (82.9–92.0) | ref | ref |
| Opt-out | 6/188 | 3.2 (0.7–5.7) | 180/188 | 95.7 (92.9–98.6) | 0.3 (0.1–0.9) | 0.3 (0.1–0.8) | ||
| I felt like I had a choice about getting an HIV test | Opt-in | 194/207 | 93.7 (90.4–97.0) | 6/207 | 2.9 (0.6–5.2) | ref | ref | |
| Opt-out | 183/188 | 97.3 (95.0–99.6) | 4/188 | 2.1 (0.1–4.2) | 1.4 (0.4–5.1) | 1.2 (0.3–4.4) | ||
|
| ||||||||
| Process of care | I had to wait too long for my HIV test result | Opt-in | 27/207 | 13.0 (8.5–17.6) | 173/207 | 83.6 (78.5–88.6) | ref | ref |
| Opt-out | 17/188 | 9.0 (4.9–13.1) | 168/188 | 89.4 (85.0–93.8) | 0.6 (0.3–1.2) | 0.7 (0.4–1.4) | ||
| HIV testing interfered with the overall care I received in the ER | Opt-in | 12/207 | 5.8 (2.6–9.0) | 189/207 | 91.3 (87.5–95.1) | ref | ref | |
| Opt-out | 13/188 | 6.9 (3.3–10.5) | 173/188 | 92.0 (88.2–95.9) | 1.2 (0.5–2.7) | 0.9 (0.4–2.3) | ||
|
| ||||||||
| Confidentiality | Overall, I felt that the HIV testing done today was private | Opt-in | 191/207 | 92.3 (88.6–95.9) | 6/207 | 2.9 (0.6–5.2) | ref | ref |
| Opt-out | 180/188 | 95.7 (92.9–98.6) | 5/188 | 2.7 (0.4–5.0) | 1.1 (0.3–3.8) | 1.9 (0.5–7.0) | ||
| I felt that my HIV test was told to me in a private way | Opt-in | 196/207 | 94.7 (91.6–97.7) | 5/207 | 2.4 (0.3–4.5) | ref | ref | |
| Opt-out | 179/188 | 95.2 (92.2–98.3) | 4/188 | 2.1 (0.1–4.2) | 1.1 (0.3–4.3) | 1.2 (0.3–4.8) | ||
|
| ||||||||
| Patient attitudes | HIV testing should be a regular part of health care | Opt-in | 200/207 | 96.6 (94.2–99.1) | 3/207 | 1.4 (0–3.1)b | ref | ref |
| Opt-out | 182/188 | 96.8 (94.3–99.3) | 3/188 | 1.6 (0–3.4)b | 0.9 (0.2–4.6) | 2.5 (0.4–16.5) | ||
| Routine HIV testing should be performed in the ER | Opt-in | 188/207 | 90.8 (86.9–94.8) | 8/207 | 3.9 (1.2–6.5) | ref | ref | |
| Opt-out | 182/188 | 96.8 (94.3–99.3) | 3/188 | 1.6 (0–3.4)b | 2.6 (0.7–9.9) | 3.2 (0.7–13.8) | ||
|
| ||||||||
| I understand the meaning of my HIV test result | Opt-in | 201/207 | 97.1 (94.8–99.4) | 3/207 | 1.4 (0–3.1)b | ref | ref | |
| Opt-out | 179/188 | 95.2 (92.2–98.3) | 1/188 | 0.5 (0–1.6)b | 2.7 (0.3–26.0) | 2.6 (0.3–26.1) | ||
| Information dissemination | The information I was given about HIV testing was just about right | Opt-in | 192/207 | 92.7 (89.2–96.3) | 8/207 | 3.9 (1.2–6.5) | ref | ref |
| Opt-out | 172/188 | 91.4 (87.5–95.5) | 4/188 | 2.1 (0.07–4.2) | 1.8 (0.5–6.1) | 3.0 (0.8–11.3) | ||
| I would like to have a more in-depth discussion about my risks of getting HIV and ways to prevent itc | Opt-in | 46/199 | 23.1 (17.3–29.0) | 135/199 | 67.8 (61.4–74.3) | ref | ref | |
| Opt-out | 15/160 | 9.4 (4.9–13.9) | 134/160 | 83.8 (78.0–89.5) | 3.0 (1.6–5.7) | 3.2 (1.7–6.3)d | ||
aOdds ratio adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, and HIV test result.
b1-sided, 97.5% CI.
cOnly asked of patients with negative test results, n = 199 Opt-in, n = 160 Opt-out.
dOdds ratio adjusted for age, gender, and race/ethnicity.
Frequencies were calculated as a fraction of the total data set and do not add up to 100% due to subjects choosing the response “prefer not to answer.”
Abbreviations: OR: odds ratio; ER: emergency room; CI: confidence interval; ref: reference category.