Table 1.

Risk factors for prevalent oral HPV infection (defined as detecting HPV DNA in oral exfoliated cells).

Author, Year	Study population (number of participants)	OR (95%CI)
		Current tobacco use	Number of lifetime sex partners		HIV positive	Older age [age category]	Male (vs female)
			Oral sex partners	Vaginal sex partners1
Coutlee 1997	STD clinic patients (n=287)	1.9 (0.73–4.8)	--	[6–20] 0.54 (0.18–1.59) [>20] 7.25 (0.89–59.1)	6.9 (2.0–23.2)	[45–54] 5.8 (0.66–51.10) [>54] 5.8 (0.29–115.3) p-trend=0.004	2.5 (0.7–8.7)
D’Souza 2007	WIHS (HIV+ and HIV−), persistent oral HPV (n=182)	8.0 (1.3–53)	--	--	0.8 (0.15–5.6)	[>45] 20.0 (4.1–83)	--
D’Souza 2009	outpatient controls (aged 20–87) n=332	3.9 (1.2–12.7)	[2–10] 2.4 (0.52–9.5) [≥11] 5.2 (1.1–25) p-trend = 0.007	[6–25] 1.2 (0.35–4.3) [≥26] 3.9 (1.1–15) p-trend = 0.003	---	[40–54] 0.75 (0.14–4.1) [55–64] 0.51 (0.8–3.3) [≥65] 0.37 p-trend=0.13	4.5 (0.5–37.8)
D’Souza 2009	college aged men n=210	--	[≥10] 7.4 (0.8–66.0) P-trend = 0.031	[≥10] 0.7 (0.07–7.6) Ptrend:0.91	---	[risk/year] 3.0 (1.2–4.9) (0.05–3.0)	--
Kreimer 2004	Baltimore community (n=396)	1.3 (0.5–3.3)	[≥6] 1.5 (0.7–3.4)	[≥6] 0.9 (0.4–1.9)	7.8 (2.5–24)	[risk/year] 1.05 (1.02–1.08)	1.9 (0.9–4.3)
Kreimer 2011	Healthy men from Brazil, Mexico, and US (n = 1680)	2.5 (1.4–4.4) P-trend = 0.001	---	[2–9] 1.8 (0.7–4.8)2 [10+] 2.4 (0.9–6.1)	---	[45–54] 1.2 (0.5–3.0) [55+] 1.7 (0.6–5.0) p-trend=0.22
Smith 2004	Pregnant women n=577	----	---	[≥4] 4.0 (1.2–13.7)	---	[risk/year] 1.1 (1.0–1.2)
Smith 2007	U of Iowa clinics, sorority (n=1235)	6.5 (p=0.01)	---	[>3] 2.9 (p=0.01)	---		0.14 (p=0.04)
Cameron 2005	Outpatient center in New Orleans (n=95)				---	[≥35] 1.77 (0.68–4.63) p-trend=0.24	2.1 (0.83–5.15)

^aIf study did not differentiate between vaginal and oral sex partners, data was categorized as “vaginal”.

^bMultivariate odds ratios unavailable; univariate odds ratio reported.