Fig. 5.

Aglycemia- and OGD-induced activation of JNK. CMEC monolayers were exposed to control normoxic HEPES-DMEM, aglycemic normoxic medium (glucose- and pyruvate-free HEPES-DMEM at 19% O₂), or hypoxic-aglycemic medium (glucose- and pyruvate-free HEPES-DMEM at 2% O₂) for 5, 30, 60, or 120 min. Cell lysates were subjected to Western blot analysis using antibodies that recognize JNK (total kinase) or p-JNK (phosphorylated, active kinase). A: representative Western blots. B: p-JNK abundance. Values are means ± SE for 8 and 9 separate experiments for aglycemia and OGD, respectively. *Significantly different from control, P < 0.05 by 1-tailed paired t-test.