Norepinephrine-releasing effects of BNP in ex vivo whole hearts. A. Continuous perfusion with BNP (100 nM) enhances NE overflow in Langendorff guinea pig hearts. Bars are means (± SEM; n=8). *, P<0.05 and **, P<0.01 from control by repeated measures ANOVA followed by post-hoc multiple comparisons. Overall P-value = 0.0067. B. guinea pig hearts were subjected to 10-minute global ischemia followed by 10-minute reperfusion (I/R), either in the absence or presence of BNP (100 nM). Bars are means (± SEM; n=6–13) of NE overflow in the first 2 minutes of reperfusion. ***, P<0.0001 from control by unpaired t-test. #, P=0.0420 from I/R by unpaired t-test.